Expectations now changed, not only for Bobby’s future, but for American chess itself. Could this precocious Brooklyn boy not just become a Candidate but possibly win the tournament? Was American chess about to soar on the wings of Bobby’s fame? “Bronstein!”
Although it was only the sixth round out of twenty-two, for Bobby everything that followed from Bronstein was an emotional anticlimax. He tried to keep his focus, but it was difficult. On days off in Portorož, during the rare times he wandered into public view, Bobby was continually asked for his autograph or to pose for a photo. At first he liked the attention, but it annoyed him that the attention was constant, and he grew to hate it. At least twice, he was swallowed up in a throng of fans, and in both cases he became almost hysterical in his attempts to wrest himself free. He set a self-imposed policy: He’d sign autographs only after each game (as long as he didn’t lose or wasn’t upset over how he played) and only for a period of about five minutes, for the chess players assembled there. Sometimes, he’d sit in the theater seats after a game, and literally hundreds of people would hand their programs to him for his reluctantly scrawled signature.
Eventually, he asked the tournament organizers to rope off the area around his board, because the crowds would gather and gape, often for hours at a time, while he was playing. He complained that he couldn’t concentrate. When he was in the streets, he’d ask autograph requesters if they played chess, and if they didn’t, he refused to sign and disdainfully walked away. Continually besieged by newsmen, photographers, and autograph hunters, he finally put a stop to it alclass="underline" By the midpoint of the tournament he wouldn’t pose for a photo, sign his autograph, or answer any question.
Aside from his heroics against Bronstein, the tournament wasn’t going quite the way Bobby had planned. He lost or drew to some of the “small-fry,” including multiple players from Argentina, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. However, his draws against superstar Tal; his erstwhile Moscow Chess Club opponent Tigran Petrosian; and Svetozar Gligoric of Yugoslavia were all great accomplishments, as was his win against Larsen of Denmark. Years later, Fischer would judge the Larsen game one of the best he ever played. “Fischer won with amazing ease,” bleated Chess Review.
Against Olafsson Bobby fared more poorly. He didn’t try to rationalize that loss (though he did think that he could have won the game). Writing to Collins, he explained: “I never should have lost.… I played the black side of Lipnitsky’s thing [and here he gave the moves]. Anyway, I had a good opening. He sacked [sacrificed] the exchange for a pawn, but after winning the exchange, I blundered, and the game was about even. But (again) I got into time pressure, and played a series of weak moves in a row, and by adjournment he had two connected passed pawns which could not be stopped.”
Bobby’s last game of the tournament was with Gligoric, one of the strongest players outside of the Soviet Union. If Bobby lost that game, and others won who were only a half point behind him on the cross table (a scoreboard-like tally of who played whom and the results), he wouldn’t be invited to the Candidates tournament. Because of his high score, Gligoric was already assured a berth in the Candidates, so he could easily offer Fischer an early “grandmaster draw” and coast to a successful denouement. Instead, he played for a win, sacrificing a knight, but ultimately winning back three pawns in exchange. Bobby withstood a relentlessly harassing attack, but always found a way to defend. On Gligoric’s thirty-second move, the Yugoslav looked up from the board and said, “Remis?” Fischer knew the French word for “draw,” and he immediately consented. “Nobody sacrifices a piece against Fischer,” he brashly declared, grinning slightly as he said it.
Drawing his last game and coming in sixth, Bobby Fischer became the youngest chess player ever to qualify to play in the Candidates tournament, and the youngest international grandmaster in the history of the game. Some were even calling him the Mozart of chess. Normally quite restrained in its chess reporting, The New York Times was exuberant in running a salute to Bobby on its editorial page:
A CHEER FOR BOBBY FISCHER
Chess fans all over the United States are toasting Bobby Fischer and we are happy to join in the acclaim. At 15, this youngster from Brooklyn has become the youngest international grand master in chess and has qualified for next year’s tournament to decide who shall meet Mikhail Botvinnik for the world’s chess championship. Those who have followed Bobby’s stirring matches in the competition just concluded in Yugoslavia know that he gave an exhibition of skill, courage and determination that would have done credit to a master twice his age. We are rightfully proud of him.
Though he’d only been gone from the United States two months, Bobby had taken from his competitive experiences more than just bragging rights. His new maturity was noticeable. When asked by a reporter in Portorož whether he was looking forward to playing the World Champion, he said, “Of course I would like to play Botvinnik. But it’s too early to talk about that. Remember, next year I will have to attend the tournament of Candidates before I can think of meeting Botvinnik.” Reflecting for a moment, he added, “One thing is certain—I am not going to be a professional chess player.”
Bobby felt manhandled in both Moscow and Portorož, and his receiving only $400 for six weeks of effort at the Interzonal (“Every chess game is like taking a five-hour final exam,” he said) discouraged him. The fact that he was now an international grandmaster and was eligible to compete for the World Championship made him feel accomplished, but he wondered how he could possibly make a living playing chess. Outside of the Soviet Union, where chess masters were comfortably supported by the state, no chess player could survive on his tournament winnings. There were some Americans who were chess professionals, but none made a living from tournament winnings alone. Rather, they put food on the table by teaching chess, giving exhibitions, operating chess parlors, selling chess sets, and writing books and magazine articles that received small advances.
It was an insecure life.
Bobby was met at Idlewild (which was later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) by his mother, sister Joan, and Norman Monath, an editor at Simon & Schuster who was putting the final touches on Bobby’s first book of annotated games, called appropriately Bobby Fischer’s Games of Chess. “He looks as skinny as a rail,” Regina said upon beholding her famous son, and she almost burst into tears. All four tumbled into a limousine, and on the ride to Brooklyn, Monath talked to Bobby about the book, getting his opinion as to whether the publication date should be postponed slightly, until such time as his twenty Interzonal games could be included. In its original conception, the book had only contained thirteen games and the working title was just that: Thirteen Games. The plan was to focus it on Bobby’s efforts in the 1957 U.S. Championship, with the teenager annotating each game. Later “The Game of the Century” from 1956 was added. By including the Interzonal games, the book would acquire some needed bulk and, presumably, be more valuable. Even with the Interzonal games, the finished tome was only ninety-six pages. Thirteen Games, had it remained as thirteen games only, would have appeared to be just a shade more than a monograph.