Выбрать главу

Lewis, Robert A. “How We Dropped the Bomb.” Popular Science, vol. 171, no. 2, August 1957.

Penney, William; Samuels, D. E. J.; and Scorgie, G. C. “The Nuclear Yields at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, vol. 266, no. 1177, June 11, 1970.

“Memories of Hiroshima.” People, vol. 4, no. 6, August 11, 1975.

Ransom, Jay Ellis. “Wendover, Home of the Atom Bomb.” Code 41, November 1973.

Schwartz, Robert L. “Atomic Bomb Away.” Yank, September 7, 1945; “The Week the War Ended.” Life, July 17, 1950.

Siemes, P. T. “The Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima.” Irish Monthly, March–April 1946.

Small, Collie. “The Biggest Blast.” Collier’s, August 13, 1949.

Smith, Alice Kimball. “Los Alamos: Focus of an Age.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 26, June 1970.

Steiner, Arthur. “Baptism of the Atomic Scientists.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 31, no. 2, February 1945.

Stimson, Henry L. “The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb.” Harper’s Magazine, vol. 194, no. 1161, February 1947.

Tibbets, Paul W. “Ten P.M. August 5—and After.” Survey Graphic, vol. 35, January 1946; “How to Drop an Atom Bomb.” Saturday Evening Post, June 8, 1946 (with Wesley Price); “Training the 509th for Hiroshima.” Air Force Magazine, August 1973.

“The Unmentioned Victims.” Time, August 9, 1971.

“Time Out. Prayer or Curse?” (Downey’s prayer.) Luther League of America, Philadelphia, vol. 1, no. 4, April 1961.

“Was A-Bomb on Japan a Mistake?” U.S. News & World Report, vol. 49, August 15, 1960.

NEWSPAPERS

The following were most usefuclass="underline"

Asahi Shimbun, Chicago Tribune, Chugoku Shimbun, Los Angeles Times, Mainichi Shimbun, The New York Times, San Francisco Chronicle, The Times of London, Washington Post, Japan Times and Advertiser, and the July and August 1945 editions of the Daily Mission, published by the 313th Bombardment Wing Information Office, Tinian, Marianas.

PRIVATE PAPERS

Tsunesaburo Asada

Jacob Beser

George Caron

Shin Endo

Russell Gackenbach

Leslie Groves

Kanai Hiroto

Kumao Imoto

Robert Lewis

Kazumasa Maruyama

Masaru Matsuoka

Richard Nelson

Kakuzo Oya

Charles Perry

Abe Spitzer

Henry L. Stimson

Paul Tibbets

Harry S. Truman

Theodore van Kirk

Tatsuo Yokoyama

TRANSCRIPTS

Official interviews conducted by A. B. Christman, NOTS, China Lake:

Vice Admiral F. L. Ashworth, April 1969.

Dr. A. Francis Birch, February 1971.

Mrs. Robert Burroughs (formerly Mrs. W. S. Parsons), April 1966.

Lieutenant General Leslie R. Groves, May 1967.

Vice Admiral John T. Hayward, May 1966.

Others:

Brigadier General Paul W. Tibbets, December 1960 (Kenneth Leish); September 1966 (Arthur Marmor).

General Nathan F. Twining, November 1965 (Arthur Marmor).

And television documentaries:

“The Building of the Bomb.” BBC-TV, March 1975.

“Hot to Handle.” BBC-TV, September 1966.

Eric Sevareid in “Conversation with John J. McCloy.” CBS News Special in two parts, July 1975.

“The Day the Sun Blew Up.” BBC-TV, October 1976.

Index

Abe, Hiroshi, 115–17, 119, 141, 189–90, 263

Abel, William, 201, 275

Adachi, Dr. Sakyo, 120–21

Aioi Bridge, 220, 256, 257

Alamogordo (New Mexico), test-firing at, 86, 157, 171, 172–75, 178–79, 183

Albury, Don, 32–33

Allison, Charles, 200

Alvarez, Luis, 230–31

Arisue, Seizo, 44–45, 63–64, 99–100, 121–22, 161–63, 164, 168, 193–94, 274

Arnold, Henry, 16, 144, 145, 179, 191

Asada, Dr. Tsunesaburo, 42–43, 119–20, 274

Ashworth, Frederic L., 81, 87, 171

Atkinson, Hugh, 201

Atomic bomb(s)

appearance of, 238–39

“arming” of, 227, 233, 245–46, 250

building of, 38–39, 55–56

chain reaction needed for, 8

console for monitoring, 232, 238, 255

cover names for, 171

description of, 106–7

dome, in Hiroshima, 283

dropping of, 256–57

explosion of, 258, 262

fuzing mechanism for, 87, 103, 112, 230–31, 256

orders to use, 206–7, 217, 225

power of, 12, 72, 207, 228

production schedule after August 1945, 213

scientists “tinkering with,” 115–16

second attack using, 276–77

tactical requirements for delivery of, 49–50

test-firing of, 172–75, 228

worldwide reaction to, 273–74

See also: Interim Committee; Plutonium bomb; Uranium bomb

Atomic strike force

briefings of, 225–29, 236–38

choosing crews for, 32–33

final preparations for, 229–30

Awaya, Sachiyo, 110, 189, 258

Awaya, Senkichi, 60–62, 100, 118, 129, 199, 223–24, 234–35, 263

Balloon bombs, 120–21

Baumgartner, Charles, 200

Beahan, Kermit, 32, 55, 111–13, 256, 276

Beser, Jacob, 28, 31, 48, 49, 111, 236–37, 240, 281

during atomic mission, 244, 249–50, 255, 257, 258, 264, 265

and crews, 67

description of, 25

at Los Alamos, 36–38. 40–41. 86–87

on second strike, 275, 276

and security guard, 54–55, 77, 81

and Target Committee, 132–33

on Tinian, 157–58, 167–68, 181–82, 192–93, 196, 213, 216, 226

Bethe, Hans, 40

Blanchard, William “Butch,” 184–86, 206, 219

Bock, Frederick, 204

Bock’s Car, 204, 276

Bohr, Niels, 8

Bombsight, problems with, 68

Briefings before atomic mission, 225–29, 236–38

Britain

atomic research collaboration with, 91

representatives from, for atomic mission, 197, 225

Brode, Robert, 36

Brugge, Brian, 63

B-24s, 199–201

B-29s, 78–80, 96, 131–32

assignment of, for atomic strike, 227

crashes of, 158, 167, 241

new replacements, 103

pathfinders, 97–98

stripped of guns, 50, 52

Superdumbos, 229

Bubinsky, Joseph, 201, 202, 204

Buscher, Joseph, 24–25, 217–18, 225, 228, 229

Bushfield, David, 200

Byrnes, James F., 91–92, 110, 179, 277

Calipatria (California), 103, 104

Cannon, Clarence, 90

Caron, George “Bob,” 27–28, 29, 46, 49, 139, 147, 281

during atomic mission, 240, 241–42, 245, 248, 254–55, 257, 258, 262, 263, 264

on Tinian, 160, 183, 225, 226, 236

Cartwright, Thomas, 200, 275

Cheshire, Leonard, 197, 225, 275

China, 79, 156

Churchill, Winston, 91

and the atomic bomb, 191–92

in Potsdam, 177–78

CINCPAC, 80

Clark, Mark, 14

Classen, Thomas, 24, 25–26, 28, 29, 77, 180, 181, 218, 226, 234

Code names, 13, 140, 171, 198–99, 207–8

Compton, Arthur, 134, 135

“Coronet,” 140

“Crossroads, the,” 209