9. Camb. Mod. History, VIII, 53.
10. Lacroix, 138.
11. Ducros, 24; Herbert, S., Fall of Feudalism in France, xvii.
12. Taine, Ancient Regime, 130.
13. Goodwin, European Nobility, 31.
14. Jaurès, Histoire socialiste, I, 32.
15. Sée, 61.
16. Taine, Ancient Regime, 20, 41.
17. Tocqueville, 34.
18. Taine, 15.
19. Camb. Mod. History, VIII, 53.
20. Ibid., 52; Sée, 3.
21. Palmer, R. R., 25; Lacroix, 157.
22. Taine, 42 f.
23. Voltaire, Works, XVIa, 261.
24. Martin, H., XV, 439.
25. Ibid., 439–40.
26. Lacroix, 157.
27. Ibid., 269.
28. Taine, 34.
29. Ibid., 119–20.
30. Goncourts, Woman of the 18th Century, 10, 15; Montalembert, Monks of the West, II, 86.
31. Martin, Kingsley, Rise of French Liberal Thought, 79.
32. Taine, 62; Michelet, Histoire de France, V, 288.
33. Martin, H., XV, 441.
34. Ibid., 442.
35. Taine, 63.
36. Lecky, History of England, V, 329.
37. Desnoiresterres, VIII, 248.
38. Lacroix, 270.
39. Guizot, History of France, V, 48.
40. Sée, 4.
41. Herbert, Fall of Feudalism, 56.
42. Taine, 23–24; Ducros, 256–57.
43. Herbert, 37.
44. Sée, 15.
45. Herbert, 4–5.
46. Sée, 28.
47. Montagu, Lady Mary W., Letters, I, 395 (Oct. 10, 1718).
48. Taine, 330.
49. Martin, H., XV, 216.
50. Sée, 38.
51. Voltaire, Works, XIXa, 94.
52. Philosophical Dictionary, article “Lent.”
53. Cobban, History of Modern France, 42.
54. Sée, 182.
55. Renard and Weulersee, Life and Work in Modern Europe, 193.
56. Mantoux, Industrial Revolution, 409.
57. Sée, 165.
58. Taine, 334.
59. Mornet, Origines intellectuelles de la Révolution française, 28.
60. Parton, II, 184.
61. Lacroix, 228.
62. Ibid., 311.
63. Nussbaum, History of the Economic Institutions of Modern Europe, 124.
64. Jaurès, Histoire socialiste, I, 67.
65. Sée, 151–53.
66. Martin, H., XV, 213.
67. Ibid., 305.
68. Sée, 93.
69. Ducros, 160.
70. Toth, Woman and Rococo in France, 179.
71. Lacroix, 206.
72. Ibid.
73. Goncourts, Madame de Pompadour, 5–7.
74. Desnoiresterres, III, 241.
75. Grimm, Correspondance, VIII, 231–33, in Buckle, I, 539.
76. Saint-Simon in Lacroix, 302.
77. Lacroix, 299.
78. Ducros, 53.
79. Stryienski, Eighteenth Century, 57.
80. Lanfrey, L’Eglise et les philosophes au xviiie siècle, 129.
81. Michelet, V, 277; Sainte-Beuve, Portraits of the 18th Century, I, 445.
82. Voltaire, Works, XVIa, 157.
83. Stryienski, 79.
84. Works, XVIa, 158.
85. Martin, H., XV, 256n.
86. Stryienski, 85.
87. Desnoiresterres, II, 336.
88. Martin, H., XV, 251.
89. Saint-Simon, Memoirs, III, 283.
90. Michelet, V, 248.
91. Martin, H., XV, 116n.; Ercole, Gay Court Life, 88.
92. Bearne, Court Painter, 85.
93. Guizot, History of France, V, 78.
94. Goncourts, Pompadour, 9.
95. Michelet, V, 325.
96. Ercole, 167.
97. Lewis, D. B. Wyndham, Four Favorites, 42.
98. Stryienski, 140–41.
99. Webster’s Biographical Dictionary, 833.
100. Brandes, I, 224.
101. Voltaire, Works, XVIb, 224.
102. Carlyle, Thos., History of Friedrich II, IV, 438; Enc. Brit., IX, 454a.
103. Voltaire, XVIb, 238; Martin, H., XV, 282; Stryienski, 148.
104. Voltaire, XVIb, 239.
105. Stryienski, 149.
106. Martin, H., XV, 43 m.
107. Lichtenberger in Martin, K., Rise of French Liberal Thought, 238.
108. Martin, H., XV, 356–58.
109. Lecky, England, V, 327.
110. Goncourts, Pompadour, 12.
111. Michelet, V, 349.
112. Ercole, 197.
113. Goncourts, 117.
114. Ercole, 203.
115. Lewis, Four Favorites, 48.
116. Taine, Ancient Regime, 82.
117. Goncourts, 71.
118. Ibid., 348.
119. Sainte-Beuve, I, 450.
120. Ibid., 451.
121. Michelet, V, 354.
122. Martin, H., XV, 436.
123. Goncourts, 131.
124. Lewis, 50.
125. Ercole, 209.
126. Toth, 165.
127. Goncourts, 127.
128. Du Hausset, Mme., Memoirs of Mme. de Pompadour, 65.
129. Ercole, 220.
130. Goncourts, Woman of the 18th Century, 249.
CHAPTER VIII
1. Sée, Economic and Social Conditions, 48 f.
2. Funck-Brentano, L’Ancien Régime, 422.
3. La Fontainerie, French Liberalism and Education, 6.
4. Lacroix, 252.
5. Ibid., 151.
6. 242.
7. 244.
8. Desnoiresterres, III, 133.
9. Créqui, Souvenirs, 57, 121.
10. Ducros, French Society, 83.
11. Chesterfield, Letters, I, 348.
12. Brandes, I, 147.
13. Ibid., 141.
14. Goncourts, Woman of the 18th Century, 187.
15. Ibid., 188.
16. Mornet, Origines intellectuelles de la Révolution française, 53.
17. Funck-Brentano, 50.
18. Ducros, 61.
19. Quoted in Funck-Brentano, 60.
20. Taine, Ancient Regime, 134.
21. Walpole, Letters, I, 309 (Oct. 28, 1752).
22. Toth, 135.
23. Frederick the Great, Mémoires, I, 25.
24. D’Argenson, Mémoires, in Martin, H., XV, 341.
25. Ducros, 342.
26. Mossner, Hume, 92.
27. Köhler, Carl, History of Costume, 340.
28. Créqui, 123.
29. Lacroix, 370.
30. Ducros, 35.
31. Philosophical Dictionary, art. “Lent,” in Works, VIa, 108.
32. Mousnier and Labrousse, Dix-huitième Siècle, 166.