55. Frederick, quoted in Villari, P., Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, II, 201.
56. In Francke, History of German Literature, 230.
57. Carlyle, III, 142.
58. Valori in Ausubel, 435.
59. Frederick to Voltaire, June 6, 1740.
60. June 27, 1740.
61. Lea, H. C., Superstition and Force, 575.
62. Carlyle, III, 161.
63. Ibid., 163.
64. Smith, P., History of Modern Culture, II, 571.
65. Carlyle, III, 175.
66. Goldsmith, O., Miscellaneous Works, 427.
67. Carlyle, III, 233.
68. Ibid.; Desnoiresterres, II, 290.
69. Voltaire-Frederick Letters, 143.
70. Fleury to Voltaire, Nov. 14, 1740, in Parton, I, 438.
71. Ibid.
72. Carlyle, III, 278.
73. Ausubel, 443.
74. Lützow, Count von, Bohemia, 317.
75. Frederick, Mémoires, I, 94.
76. Ibid., 103.
77. Coxe, House of Austria, III, 270; Macaulay, Essays, II, 126.
78. Enc. Brit., XIV, 88Id.
79. Carlyle, IV, 70.
80. Coxe, III, 309.
81. Carlyle, V, 36.
82. Voltaire to Frederick, March, 1742, in Voltaire-Frederick Letters, 159.
83. Frederick to Voltaire, Feb. 12, 1742.
84. Frederick, Mémoires, I, 5.
85. Enc. Brit., IX, 718c.
86. In Robertson, J. M., Short History of Freethought, II, 313.
87. Carlyle, V, 201.
88. Ibid., III, 260.
89. Carlyle, V, 197, hotly repudiates any sodomitic implications.
90. Enc. Brit., IX, 718c.
91. Carlyle, V, 65.
92. Ibid., VII, 462; Mowat, Age of Reason, 101.
93. Letter of Aug. 31, 1750, in Parton, I, 611.
94. Desnoiresterres, IV, 108.
95. Taine, Ancient Regime, 28m.
96. Voltaire, Works, XXIa, 221.
97. Parton, I, 610.
98. Ibid.
99. Carlyle, V, 137.
100. Ibid., 146.
101. Gay, Voltaire’s Politics, 154.
102. Voltaire, XXIa, 213.
103. Lanson, Voltaire, 112–13.
104. Parton, I, 340.
105. Chesterfield, letter of Apr. 13, 1752.
106. Parton, II, 59.
107. Ibid., 59–60; Desnoiresterres, IV, 196.
108. Morley, Life of Voltaire, 184.
109. Carlyle, V, 182.
110. Ibid., 180.
111. 209.
112. 213.
113. 214; Strachey, Books and Characters, 191.
114. Voltaire, XIXa, 184f.
115. Ibid.
116. Parton, II, 126.
117. Ibid., 103.
118. Carlyle, V, 223.
119. Parton, II, 108.
120. Ibid., 138.
121. Voltaire, Lettres d’Alsace, 135–36 (Dec. 14, 1753).
122. Parton, II, 167–69.
123. Montesquieu, letter of Sept. 28, 1753, in Lanfrey, L’Église et les philosophes, 162.
124. Philosophical Dictionary, article “Quakers.
125. Bertrand, J., D’Alembert, 91.
CHAPTER XIV
1. Letter of May 27, 1756, in Chaponnière, Voltaire chez les Calvinistes, 18.
2. Épinay, Mme. d’, Memoirs and Correspondence, III, 178.
3. Marmontel, Memoirs, I, 317.
4. Morley, Life of Voltaire, 200.
5. Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson, 87.
6. Oechsli, W., History of Switzerland, 260.
7. Ibid., 272.
8. In Herold, The Swiss without Halos, 161.
9. Oechsli, 264.
10. Coxe, Travels in Switzerland, II, 225.
11. Ibid., 179.
12. Oechsli, 265.
13. Coxe, Travels, I, 304.
14. Oechsli, 243.
15. Ibid., 245.
16. Coxe, II, 262.
17. Casanova, Memoirs, I, 392, 407.
18. Coxe, II, 292.
19. Ibid.
20. Francke, History of German Literature, 220.
21. Lough, J., The Encyclopédie, 56.
22. Épinay, Memoirs, III, 199.
23. Coxe, II, 357.
24. Épinay, III, 173–75.
25. Masson, P., La Religion de Rousseau, I, 10–11.
26. In Naves, Voltaire et l’Encyclopédie, 148.
27. Ibid., 39.
28. 40.
29. Lough, 94.
30. Desnoiresterres, V, 179–81.
31. Lough, 92.
32. Geneva, Musée d’Art et d’Histoire.
33. Jean Gaberel in Parton, II, 228.
34. Voltaire, Essai sur les moeurs, Ch. lxviii.
35. Morley, 284.
36. Ibid., 290.
37. Flint, History of the Philosophy of History, 254.
38. Letter to Thieriot, Oct. 31, 1738.
39. Parton, I, 465.
40. Buckle, I, 580.
41. Phil. Dict., art. “History,” in Works, Vb, 64.
42. Ibid.
43. Voltaire, Works, XVIa, 137.
44. XIVa, 230.
45. Essai sur les moeurs, Ch. xx.
46. Ibid., Ch. cxxxix.
47. Lanson, Voltaire, 123–24.
48. Robertson, Wm., History of the Reign of Charles V, I, 290.
49. “Observations on History,” in Works, XIXa, 269.
50. Essai, Ch. cxcvii.
51. Ch. lxviii.
52. Works, XVIa, 133–36, 144.
53. Chateaubriand, The Genius of Christianity, III, iii, 6, p. 430.
54. Voltaire, XVIa, 250–51.
55. Michelet, V, 274.
CHAPTER XV
1. Goncourts, Woman of the 18th Century, 307 f.
2. Smith, P., Modern Culture, II, 543; Nicolson, Age of Reason, 294.
3. Frederick to Voltaire, June 29, 1771.
4. Voltaire, Works, VIIb, 143.
5. Lecky, History of Rationalism, 145.
6. Blackstone, Commentaries (Oxford, 1775), IV, 60, in Lea, H. C., History of the Inquisition in Spain, IV, 247.
7. Clark, G. N., The 17th Century, 246.
8. Voltaire’s estimate, in Works, XXIa, 250.
9. Mark xvi, 16.
10. Smith, P., Modern Culture, II, 555.
11. Ibid., 556.
12. 550.
13. Putnam, G. H., Censorship of the Church of Rome, II, 255.
14. Wilson, A., Diderot, 121–22.
15. Brandes, II, 107.
16. Bertrand, D’Alembert, 92.
17. Brandes, II, 50.
18. Mornet, Origines intellectuelles de la Révolution française, 258.