75. Voltaire and Frederick, Letters, 283.
76. Parton, II, 285.
77. Letter to Damilaville, Apr. 5, 1765.
78. Frederick to Voltaire, Sept. 9, 1739.
79. Voltaire, Oeuvres complètes, XLIII, 198–200.
80. Selected Works, 59.
81. Phil. Dict., art. “Laws.”
82. J. Gaberel in Parton, II, 428.
83. Luke xxi, 27–32.
84. Questions of Zapata, No. 58, in Selected Works, 34.
85. Ibid., Nos. 65–66.
86. Ibid., No. 66.
87. Parton, 286.
88. Letter of June 4, 1767.
89. New Camb. Mod. History, VII, 152.
90. Phil. Dict., art. “God.”
91. Letter of Nov. 28, 1752.
92. Oeuvres complètes, XLI, 570, in Torrey, Spirit of Voltaire, 279.
93. Phil. Dict., art. “Sin.”
94. Pomeau, 373.
95. Works, Ib, 139.
96. Phil. Dict., art. “Miracles.”
97. Pomeau, 348.
98. Ibid., 374.
99. Phil. Dict., art. “Climate.”
100. Art. “Grace.”
101. Profession de foi des théistes, in Black, Art of History, 57.
102. Works, XIXa, 228.
103. Ibid., 238.
104. Traité de métaphysique.
105. Crocker, Age of Crisis, 385.
106. Ibid., 190; cf. Phil. Dict., art. “Atheism,” and art. “God,” Sec. v.
107. Art. “Hell.”
108. Art. “Fraud.”
109. Art. “Morality.”
110. Voltaire, The Ignorant Philosopher, Secs. II-III.
111. Ibid., III-IV.
112. XIII.
113. XIV.
114. XVII, XIX.
115. XX.
116. XXIV.
117. LI.
118. Works, IIa, 312–16.
119. Boswell on the Grand Tour: Germany and Switzerland, 304.
120. Noyes, Voltaire, 555; Pomeau, 411.
121. Voltaire, Oeuvres complètes, XXVI, 199, in Pomeau, 438.
122. Art. “Curate.”
123. Pomeau, 439.
124. Essai sur les moeurs, Ch. cxxxix, in Ducros, French Society in the 18th Century, 199.
125. Desnoiresterres, VI, 118.
126. Ibid., 63–64; Pomeau, 431.
127. Desnoiresterres, VII, 237.
128. Torrey, Spirit of Voltaire, 225.
129. Desnoiresterres, VII, 228.
130. Ibid., 287.
131. Pomeau, 390.
132. Diderot, Letters to Sophie Volland, I, 29, in Pomeau, 332.
133. Grimm, Corresp., VII, 51.
134. Walpole, H., in Mossner, Bishop Butler and the Age of Reason, 175; cf. Mornet, Origines, 139, and Morley, Life of Voltaire, 88.
135. Letter to Mme. du Deffand, June 1, 1770.
136. Ignorant Philosopher, Sec. XXIV.
137. Mark IX, 45–48; Matt. XIII, 40–42; Luke XVI, 23–26.
CHAPTER XXIII
1. Pomeau, 300.
2. Mornet, Origines, 206.
3. Gauchat, Lettres critiques, XV, 224, in Vartanian, Diderot and Descartes, 313.
4. Pomeau, 338.
5. Voltaire, letter of Dec. 8, 1776.
6. Palmer, R.R., Catholics and Unbelievers, 96.
7. Ibid., 142.
8. Our account follows John H. Pappas, Berthier’s Journal de Trévoux and the Philosophes.
9. Ibid., 38.
10. 23, 137.
11. 48.
12. 128.
13. 48.
14. 205.
15. Ibid.
16. 184.
17. 186.
18. 110.
19. 113.
20. 119.
21. 122.
22. 131.
23. Desnoiresterres, III, 389.
24. Hazard, Eighteenth Century, 78.
25. Cornou, Êlie Fréron, in Martin, K., 96.
26. Crocker, Embattled Philosopher, 240.
27. Ibid.
28. Brandes, II, 205.
29. Ibid., 206.
30. Noyes, Voltaire, 51.
31. Ibid., 71.
32. Lanfrey, 195.
33. In Masson, La Religion de Rousseau, III, 31.
34. Crocker, Age of Crisis, 382.
35. Lichtenberger, A., Le Socialisme et la Révolution française, 6n.
36. Crocker, Emb. Philosopher, 305.
37. Toth, Woman and Rococo, 224, 234.
38. Goncourts, Woman of the 18th Century, 305.
39. Toth, 234.
40. Letter of Jan. 10, 1758, in Naves, 53.
41. Oeuvres, 231, 239–40.
42. Ibid., 235, etc.
43. Grimm, II, 373.
44. Palmer, Catholics and Unbelievers, 7.
45. Parton, II, 334.
46. Pappas, 85.
47. Ibid., 114.
48. 117.
49. Fülop-Miller, Power and Secret of the Jesuits, 374.
50. Gay, Voltaire’s Politics, 310.
51. Pappas, 129.
52. Beard, Miriam, History of the Business Man, 414.
53. Martin, H., Histoire de France, XVI, 201.
54. Lanfrey, 267; Campbell, The Jesuits, 482.
55. Ibid., 483.
56. Catholic Encyclopedia, XIV, 98a; Martin, H., XVI, 211; Ranke, History of the Popes, II, 447.
57. Campbell, 487.
58. Ibid., 485.
59. McCabe, Candid History of the Jesuits, 251.
60. Robertson, J. M., History of Freethought, II, 236.
61. Desnoiresterres, VI, 269.
62. Bertrand, D’Alembert, 132.
63. Lanfrey, 269.
64. Ibid., 270.
65. Pappas, 135.
66. Pomeau, 317.
67. Gilbert, Prince de Ligne, 138; Carlyle, Friedrich the Second, VII, 470.
68. Campbell, The Jesuits, 639.
69. La Fontainerie, French Liberalism and Education in the 18th Century, 143, 149.
70. Cumming, Helvétius, 160.
71. La Fontainerie, 80.
72. Ibid., 117.
73. Ibid., 39; Desnoiresterres, VI, 239.
74. Letter of Apr. 1, 1766.
75. Lanson, Voltaire, 183.
76. Smith, P., Modern Culture, II, 446.
77. La Fontainerie, 240.
78. Sée, H., Les idées politiques en France, 142.