Eschatology and related topics have received much attention by students of the Middle Ages, and among the more important studies are Caroline Walker Bynum and Paul Freedman (eds.), Last Things: Death and the Apocalypse in the Middle Ages (2000); Norman Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical Anarchists of the Middle Ages, rev. and expanded ed. (1970, reissued 1993); Richard Kenneth Emmerson, Antichrist in the Middle Ages: A Study of Medieval Apocalypticism, Art, and Literature (1981); Richard K. Emmerson and Bernard McGinn (eds.), The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages (1992); Richard Landes, “Lest the Millennium Be Fulfilled: Apocalyptic Expectations and the Pattern of Western Chronography, 100–800 C.E.,” in Werner Verbeke, Daniel Verhelst, and Andries Welkenhuysen (eds.), The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages (1988), pp. 137–211; Robert E. Lerner, “Refreshment of the Saints: The Time After Antichrist as a Station for Earthly Progress in Medieval Thought,” Traditio, 32:97–144 (1967); Robert E. Lerner, The Powers of Prophecy: The Cedar of Lebanon Vision from the Mongol Onslaught to the Dawn of the Enlightenment (1983); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore & the Prophetic Future, new rev. ed. (1999); and Ann Williams (ed.), Prophecy and Millenarianism: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Reeves (1980). Studies of the controversial matter of the existence of eschatological fervour around the year 1000 include the essays in Richard Landes, Andrew Gow, and David C. Van Meter (eds.), The Apocalyptic Year 1000: Religious Expectations and Social Change, 950–1050 (2003); and Michael Frassetto (ed.), The Year 1000: Religious and Social Response to the Turning of the First Millennium (2003). Eschatology in the early modern and modern world
Eschatological thinking and its importance for the early modern and modern world is discussed in Nicolas Berdyaev, The Beginning and the End (1952, reprinted 1976; originally published in Russian, 1947); Ruth H. Bloch, Visionary Republic: Millennial Themes in American Thought, 1756–1800 (1985, reissued 1988); Jon Butler, Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People (1990); Christopher Hill, The English Bible and the Seventeenth-Century Revolution (1993); David S. Katz and Richard H. Popkin, Messianic Revolution: Radical Religious Politics to the End of the Second Millennium (1999); Jürgen Moltmann, Theology of Hope: On the Ground and the Implications of a Christian Eschatology (1967, reissued 1993; originally published in German, 1964); John A.T. Robinson, In the End, God (1968); Theodore Roszak, The Making of a Counter Culture (1969, reissued 1995); Gershom Gerhard Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi: The Mystical Messiah, 1626–1676 (1973, reissued with corrections 1975; originally published in Hebrew); Hillel Schwartz, Century’s End: An Orientation Manual Toward the Year 2000, rev. and abridged ed. (1996); J.L. Talmon, The Rise of Totalitarian Democracy (1952, reissued 1986; also published as The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy, 1952); P. Teilhard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man, rev. ed. (1970, reissued 1975; originally published in French, 1955); Daniel Wojcik, The End of the World as We Know It: Faith, Fatalism, and Apocalypse in America (1997); and Frances A. Yates, Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition (1964, reissued 1999). Richard Landes