22. Cf. Henriette von Schirach, Der Preis der Herrlichkeit, vol. 1, p. 179; Traudl Junge with Melissa Müller, Bis zur letzten Stunde: Hitlers Sekretärin erzählt ihr Leben (Berlin, 2004), p. 115. There, on February 22, 1935, Hitler even organized the wedding of one of the Osteria Bavaria’s waitresses: see Rudolf Hess to his father (Fritz Hess), n.p., February 21, 1935 (carbon copy), Rudolf Hess papers, J 1211 1989/148, vol. 12, file 55, folder 5, Swiss Federal Archives [Schweizeriches Bundesarchiv], Bern.
23. See Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich, p. 27. See also Helmut Hess, “Kunstverlag Franz Hanfstaengl,” in Historisches Lexikon Bayerns, http://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/artikel/artikel_44754 (retrieved 3/19/2007); Ernst Hanfstaengl papers, Ana 405, box 26, chronological material from 1927 to 1932, file for 1930, BSB Munich.
24. Kershaw, Hitler 1889–1936, pp. 432f. Hanfstaengl considered the following people to be “A.H.’s circle” from 1933 on: Schaub, Brückner, Hoffmann, Amann, Christian Weber. (Ernst Hanfstaengl Papers, Ana 405, box 27, chronological material from 1933 to 1936, file for January–June 1933, BSB Munich). Cf. Fest, Hitler, p. 199; also diary entry from November 6, 1925, in Joseph Goebbels, Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels: Sämtliche Fragmente (Munich, 1987), Teil I, vol. 1, p. 140.
25. Henriette von Schirach, Der Preis der Herrlichkeit, p. 24.
26. See Gun, Eva Braun, p. 157.
27. See Jochen von Lang, Der Sekretär: Martin Bormann—Der Mann, der Hitler beherrschte, 3rd, fully rev., ed. (Munich and Berlin, 1987); Martin Bormann, Leben gegen Schatten, 7th ed. (Paderborn, 2001).
28. See “Eva Braun in the Hoffmann Photohaus,” photograph from 1930, in Heinrich Hoffmann Photo Archive, hoff-473, BSB Munich.
29. See Hoffmann, Hitler wie ich ihn sah, p. 136. Ian Kershaw, among others, cites this passage as proof that Hitler’s relationships with women in general, and with Eva Braun in particular, “lack[ed] emotional bonds” (Hitler 1889–1936, p. 354).
30. See Hitler’s practicing oratorical poses as photographed by Hoffmann: Heinrich Hoffmann Photo Archive, hoff-1852, BSB Munich.
31. Henriette von Schirach, Der Preis der Herrlichkeit, p. 84.
32. Speer, Inside the Third Reich, p. 43.
33. See Baldur von Schirach, Ich glaubte an Hitler, pp. 122ff.
34. See Otto Wagener, Hitler aus nächster Nähe, ed. H. A. Turner Jr. (Frankfurt am Main, 1978), pp. 100 and 242, where it says that Hoffmann’s daughter was already “an institution” at the time as “the king’s ballerina.”
35. See Hoffmann, Hitler Was My Friend, pp. 73f. See also “Baldur von Schirach’s Wedding, Prinzregentenplatz 16,” in Heinrich Hoffmann Photo Archive, hoff-7195, BSB Munich.
36. Hoffmann took over a Berlin press photographer’s office at first, before opening a branch of his own company after 1933, first on Friedrichstrasse and later at 10 Kochstrasse in Berlin’s newspaper neighborhood. See Herz, Hoffmann & Hitler, p. 53.
37. Wagener, Hitler aus nächster Nähe, pp. 119f.
38. See Herz, Hoffmann & Hitler, p. 42.
39. Ibid.
40. See in this regard Hanns Christian Löhr, Das braune Haus der Kunst (Berlin, 2005), pp. 15 ff; Günther Haase, Die Kunstsammlung Adolf Hitler (Berlin, 2002), pp. 57ff; Arno Breker, Im Strahlungsfeld der Ereignisse (Preussisch Oldendorf, 1972), pp. 132 and 142f.
41. Hoffmann, Hitler Was My Friend, p. 104. According to Hoffmann, Hitler told him to bring Stalin Hitler’s personal greetings. Kershaw, on the other hand, states that Hoffmann came along “to ensure the historic moment was captured on film” (Hitler 1936–1945, p. 210).
42. Ibid., p. 1,147. See also Joachim von Ribbentrop, Zwischen London und Moskau, ed. Annelies von Ribbentrop (Leoni am Starnberger See, 1953), p. 83.
43. See Alan Bullock, Hitler, p. 63; Herz, Hoffmann & Hitler, p. 42.
44. See Hoffmann, Hitler wie ich ihn sah, p. 50. See also Joe J. Heydecker, Das Hitler-Bild (St. Pölten, 2008), p. 35.
45. See Hoffmann, “Mein Beruf,” pp. 20f. See the extensive account of the denazification proceedings in Herz, Hoffmann & Hitler, pp. 64ff.
46. See “Heinrich Hoffmann,” in Amtliches Fernsprechbuch für den Reichspostdirektionsbezirk München: Herausgegeben von der Reichspostdirektion München nach dem Stande vom 1. Mai 1934 (July 1934 edition).
47. See Herz, Hoffmann & Hitler, pp. 39f. and 333ff. On Hoffmann, see also Anna Maria Sigmund, Diktator, Dämon, Demagoge (Munich, 2006), pp. 79ff; Hoffmann, “Mein Beruf,” pp. 20f.; Hoffmann, Hitler Was My Friend, p. 103.
48. Hoffmann, “Mein Beruf,” pp. 21f.
49. See “Gretl Braun and Kurt Berlinghoff’s Wedding, 1950,” in Heinrich Hoffmann Photo Archive, hoff-61525, BSB Munich.
50. See in this regard Herz, Hoffmann & Hitler, p. 41.
2. MUNICH AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1. See Kershaw, Hitler 1889–1936, p. 310; David Clay Large, Hitlers München (München, 1998), pp. 212f. See also Anton Joachimsthaler, Hitlers Weg begann in München.
2. See Large, Hitlers München, pp. 126f. See also Kershaw, Hitler 1889–1936, p. 152.
3. See Kurt Eisner, “An die Bevölkerung Münchens!” in München: Ein Lesebuch, ed. Reinhard Bauer and Ernst Piper (Frankfurt am Main, 1986), pp. 170ff.
4. Schulze, Weimar, p. 329.
5. Thomas Mann, diary entry, Friday, November 8, 1918, in Diaries: 1918–1939, sel. Hermann Kesten, trans. Richard and Clara Winston (New York, 1982), pp. 19–20. On January 10 Mann again remarked that “Bavarialand” was neither a “Workers Republic” nor a “domain under the rule of Jewish literati” (this entry is not in the English selection; see his Tagebücher 1918–1921, ed. Peter de Mendelssohn [Frankfurt am Main, 1979], pp. 131f.).
6. Ricarda Huch, “Kurt Eisners Todestag: Eine Münchner Erinnerung,” in Ricarda Huch, Erinnerungen an das eigene Leben (Cologne, 1980), pp. 435ff. See also Bernhard Grau, Kurt Eisner 1867–1919: Eine Biografie (Munich, 2001).
7. See Heinrich August Winkler, Der lange Weg nach Westen, vol. 1, Deutsche Geschichte vom Ende des Alten Reiches bis zum Untergang der Weimarer Republik (Munich, 2000), pp. 396ff. See also Kershaw, Hitler 1889–1936, p. 114; Frank Bajohr, “Unser Hotel ist judenfrei”: Bäder-Antisemitismus im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, 3d ed. (Frankfurt, 2003), pp. 62ff.
8. See Winkler, Der lange Weg nach Westen, vol. 1, p. 378.
9. Thomas Mann, diary entry, Sunday, May 17, 1919, not in the English selection; see Tagebücher 1918–1921, p. 239.
10. See Martin Broszat, Der Staat Hitlers (Wiesbaden, 2007 [1st ed., 1969]), pp. 13ff.
11. Rösch, Die Münchner NSDAP 1925–1933, p. 32.
12. Klaus Mann, The Turning Point: Thirty-five Years in This Century; The Autobiography of Klaus Mann (New York, 1984; 1st ed., 1942), pp. 46 and 62.