25. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.71 and Mannerheim, op. cit., p.441.
26. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.76.
27. Army of Lapland War Diary entry for 25 May 1942, as cited by Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.227.
28. Carell, Hitler Moves East, p.469.
29. Devins, op. cit, p.202.
30. Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.215.
Chapter 7
1. Mannerheim, Memoirs, p.435.
2. Erfurth, Problemet Murmanbanen, pp.27–28.
3. Ibid, p.30.
4. Ibid, pp.30–31.
5. Ibid, pp.32–34.
6. Message from the Operations Section of the Finnish Liaison Staff at Mannerheim’s Headquarters to OKW on September 25, 1941 as quoted by Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of War, p.208 and note 54.
7. Erfurth, Problemet Murmanbanen, p.34.
8. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.57.
9. Erfurth, Problemet Murmanbanan, pp.39–40.
10. Trevor-Roper, op. cit., pp.159–163.
11. The Army of Norway implementing decision for Directive 37, message from the Army of Norway to OKW on November 21, and a telegram from Dietl to Jodl on November 24, referenced by Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.209 notes 57–59.
12. Erfurth, Problemet Murmanbanan, p.38–40.
13. Ibid, p.40.
14. Lundin, op. cit., p.152; Hölter, op. cit., p.64; and Erfurth, Problemet Murmanbanan, pp.5–6.
15. Message from Erfurth to OKH on December 5, 1941 as cited by Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p. 210 and note 62.
16. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.60. This would be true only if Kandalaksha were to be captured as well.
17. Erfurth, Problemet Murmanbanan, p.46.
18. Blucher, op. cit., pp.271–272.
19. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.70.
20. Mannerheim, Memoirs, p.443.
21. Ibid, pp.443–444.
22. Ibid, p.444.
23. Lundin, op. cit., p.154, note 16.
24. Mannerheim, Memoirs, p.444.
25. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.71.
26. Ibid, p.156.
27. Waldemar Erfurth’s Der Finnische Krieg, pp.201–202.
28. Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.230 and note 42.
29. Erfurth, Problemet Murmanbanan, p.50.
30. Trevor-Roper, op. cit., pp.191–193.
31. Ibid.
32. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.84.
33. Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.232.
34. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.84.
35. Erfurth, Problemet Murmanbanan, p.52.
36. Ibid, p.53.
37. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.86.
38. Mannerheim, Memoirs, p.456.
39. Lundin, op. cit., p.160.
40. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.91.
41. Lundin, op. cit., p.162.
42. Army Group North War Diary entries from August 8, 21, and 28 as cited in Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.234.
43. Greiner, op. cit., pp.405–406.
44. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.87.
45. Mannerheim, Memoirs, pp.457–458.
46. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.89.
47. A southward advance by the Finns on the Karelian Isthmus would have closed this all-important route of supply for the Soviets in Leningrad.
48. Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.235.
Chapter 8
1. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.107.
2. Mannerheim, Memoirs, pp.460–462.
3. According to Richard Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy, The Encyclopedia of Military History, New York: Harper & Row, 1970, p.1100, the German losses were 70,000 killed or wounded, 3,000 tanks, 1,000 artillery pieces, 5,000 motor vehicles, and 1,400 aircraft. The Soviet losses were probably slightly less.
4. Blucher, op. cit., pp.341–342.
5. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, pp.108–109.
6. A 20th Mountain Army document dated January 14, 1943 as cited in Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.243.
7. Ibid, p.245.
8. Ibid, p.249.
9. Trevor-Roper, op. cit., pp.216–217.
10. Blücher, op. cit., p.342.
11. Mannerheim, Memoirs, pp.468–469.
12. Ibid, p.469.
13. Blücher, op. cit., pp.342–343.
14. Ibid, p.343.
15. Message from the 20th Mountain Army to OKW on February 3, 1944 as cited in Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.273.
16. Mannerheim, Memoirs, p.467.
17. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.133.
18. Ibid, pp.135–136.
19. Ibid, p.138.
20. Mannerheim, Memoirs, pp.474–475.
21. Not to be confused with General Alfred Jodl, the Chief of Operations at OKW, who was Ferdinand’s brother.
22. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.144.
Chapter 9
1. As quoted in Vehviläinen, op. cit., p.135.
2. Westerlund, op. cit., p.155.
3. Ibid, p.154.
4. Vehviläinen, op. cit., p.137 and K. A. Meretskov, Serving the People (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1971), pp.286–301. See also S. M. Shetemenko, The Last Six Months. Russia’s Final Battles with Hitler’s Armies in World War II. Translated by Guy Daniels (Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1977), pp.340–359.
5. Raunio, op. cit., p.212.
6. Ibid, p. 220 and Westerlund, op. cit., p.156.
7. Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.279.
8. Westerlund, op. cit., p.156.
9. Vehviläinen, op. cit, p.138.
10. General Erfurth’s comments on Part II of Ziemke The German Northern Theater of Operations, in June 1957 as cited by Ziemke in that work, p.279.
11. Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.279.
12. Vehiläinen, op. cit., p.137.
13. Mannerheim, Memoirs, p.487.
14. Vehviläinen, op. cit., pp.137–138 citing inter alia Jatkosodan historia, volume IV, pp.280–281.
15. Mannerheim, Memoirs, p.475.
16. Comments by General Erfurth to Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.279.
17. Vehviläinen, op. cit., p.138.
18. Mannerheim, Memoirs, p.476.
19. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, pp.176–177.
20. Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of Operations, p.280 and Mannerheim, Memoirs, p.476.
21. Westerlund, op. cit., p.163.
22. Mannerheim, Memoirs, p.476 and Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.177.
23. Westerlund, op. cit., p.163 and Vehviläinen, op. cit., p.138.
24. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.178. The 200th Estonian Infantry Regiment was formed from Estonians who had fled to Finland.
25. Westerlund, op. cit., p.164.
26. Some sources have the badly mauled 10th Division in the line instead of the 3rd Division, which they place behind the line. I believe that the 10th Division withdrew to the rear of the VT line through the 3rd Division.
27. Erfurth, The Last Finnish War, p.178.
28. 20th Mountain Army messages to General Jodl on June 14 and to Hitler on June 16 as cited in Ziemke, The German Northern Theater of War, pp.280–281.
29. Translation of quote in Westerlund, op. cit., p.172.
30. The Panzerfaust was a small, disposable pre-loaded tube firing a 6.4lb high-explosive warhead capable of penetrating 7.9 inches of armor. It served as a model for the Soviet RPG-2 and the later RPG-7.
31. The Panzarschreck was an 88mm reusable antitank rocket launcher similar to the US 2.36-inch rocket launcher (bazooka).