антифеминисты используют эти исследования в своих интересах.
1 Dawkins R. The Selfish Gene. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. P. 152; Wilson E.G. On Human Nature. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978. P. 167.
12 Layng A. Why We Don't Act Like the Opposite Sex? // USA Today Magazine. 1993. January; Symons D. Darwinism and Contemporary Marriage // Contemporary Marriage: Comparative Perspectives on a Changing Institution / Ed. K.Davis. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1985. Цит. по: Degler C. Darwinians Confront Gender; or, There Is More to It Than History //
Theoretical Perspectives on Sexual Difference / Ed. D.Rhode. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990. P. 39.
Wilson E. Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.
Tiger L. Male Dominance? // The New York Times Magazine. 1970. October 25.
См., напр.; Stamps J. Sociobiology: Its Evolution and Intellectual Descendants // Politics and Life Sciences. 1995. Vol. 14. № 2.
16 Barash D. The Whisperings Within. New York: Harper and Row, 1979. R 54; см. также: Shields W.M., Shields L.M. Forcible Rape: An Evolutionary Perspective // Ethology and Sociobiology. 1983. Vol. 4. P. 119.
1 Alexander R., Noonan K.M. Concealment of Ovulation, Parental Care and Human Social Evolution // Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior / Ed. N.Chagnon, W.Irons. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury, 1979. P. 449.
I U
Lewontin R. Biological Determinism as a Social Weapon // Biology as a Social Weapon / Ed. Ann Arbor Science for the People Editorial Collective. Minneapolis: Burgess, 1977. P. 15; Gould S.J. Ever Since Tiarwin: Reflections in Natural History. New York: W.W.Norton, 1977. P. 254.
19 Tavris C., Wade C. The Longest War. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1984.
20
McDonald Pavelka M. Sexual Nature: What Can We Learn from a Cross-Species Perspective? // Sexual Nature, Sexual Culture /
Ed. P.Abrahamson,
S.Pinkerton. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. P. 22.
DeMause L. Our Forbears Made Childhood a Nightmare // Psychology Today. 1975. April.
Burley N. The Evolution of Concealed Ovulation // The American Naturalist. 1979. Vol. 114; McDonald Pavelka M. Sexual Nature. R 19. См. также: Hrdy S.B. The Woman That Never Evolved. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981 (я
адаптировал данный краткий эпизод из этого текста).
23 См.: Keller E.F. A Feeling for the Organism: The Life and Work of Barbara McCIintock, San Francisco: W.H.Freeman, 1983.
415
24 Цит. по: Ehrenreich В., English D. For Her Own Good. P. 117.
25 Dobson J.C. Straight Talk to Men and Their Wives. Dallas: Word Publishing Co., 1991. P. 177; Begley A. Why Men and Women Think Differently //Newsweek. 1995. May 12. P. 51.
26 См.: Fee E. Nineteenth Century Craniology: The Study of the Female Skull //Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 1979.
Vol. 53.
27 Тернер цит. по: South Side Observer. 1896. April 29; Dwyer C.A. The Role of Tests and Their Construction in Producing Apparent Sex-Related Differences // Sex-Related Differences in Cognitive Functioning / Ed. M.Wittig, A.Peterson. New York: Academic Press, 1979. P. 342.
28Н.Гешвинд цит. по: Durden-Smith J., deSimone D. Sex and the Brain. P. 171. Из числа других авторитетных работ
по гормональным исследованиям см.: Harris G.W Sex Hormones, Brain Development and Brain Function
//Endocrinology. 1965. Vol. 75.
29 Bleier R. Science and Gender: A Critique of Biology and Its Theory on Women. New York: Pantheon, 1984.
30 Buttery A.W.H., Gray J. Sex Differences in the Development of Spacial and Linguistic Skills // Gender Differences: Their Ontogeny and Significance Ed. C.Ounsted, D.C.Taylor. London: Churchill Livingston, 1972; Levy J. Lateral Specialization of the Human Brain: Behavioral Manifestation and Possible Evolutionary Basis / The Biology of Behavior / Ed. J.A.Kiger. Eugene, Ore.: University of Oregon Press, 1972; см. также: Fausto-Sterling A. Myths of Gender. P. 40.
31 Durden-Smith J., deSimone D. Sex and the Brain. P. 60.
32 Levy J. Lateral Specialization of the Human Brain.
33 Hyde J. How Large Are Cognitive Differences? A Metanalysis // American Psychologist. 1981. Vol. 26; Hyde J., Fennema E., Laman S.J. Gender Differences in Mathematics Performance: A Meta-Analysis // Psychological Bulletin. 1990. Vol. 107.
34 Peters M. The Size of the Corpus Callosum in Males and Females: Implications of a Lack of Allometry // Canadian Journal of Psychology. 1988. Vol. 42. № 3; Lacoste-Utamsing C. de, Holloway R. Sexual Dimorphism in the Human Corpus Callosum // Science. 1982. June 25; см. также: Byne W., Bleier R., Houston L. Variations in Human Corpus Callosum Do Not Predict Gender: A Study Using'Magnetic Resonance Imaging // Behavioral Neuroscience. 1988. Vol.
102. № 2.
35 Цит. по: Schreiber L.A. The Search for His and Her Brains // Glamour. 1993. April.
36 Kinsbourne M. The Development of Lateralization // Biological and Neurological Mechanisms / Ed. H.W.Reese, M.D.Franzen. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1996.
37 Несколько авторов предлагают краткое содержание этого исследования, в т. ч.: Hamer D., Copeland P. The Science of Desire. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994; LeVay S. Queer Science: The Use and Abuse of 416
Research into Homosexuality. Cambridge: M.l.T. Press, 1996; Sexual Orientation: Toward Biological Understanding / Ed.
L.Ellis, LEbertz. New York: Praeger, 1997. Другие публикации предлагают немаловажные возражения этому научному
исследованию; см., напр.: Science and Homosexualities Ed. V.Rosario. New York: Routledge, 1997; Murphy T. Gay Science: The Ethics of Sexual Orientation Research. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997; Same Sex: Debating the Ethics, Science and Culture of Homosexuality Ed. J.Corvino. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997. Этой теме был посвящен
сдвоенный номер: Journal of Homosexuality. 1995. Vol. 28. № 1— 2. Резко отличное мнение см.: Byne W. Why We Cannot Conclude That Sexual Orientation Is Primarily a Biological Phenomenon // Journal of Homosexuality. 1997. Vol. 34. № 1; Idem.
Science and Belief: Psychobiological Research on Sexual Orientation //Journal of Homosexuality. 1995. Vol. 28. № 2.
TO
Foucault M. The History of Sexuality. New York: Pantheon, 1978. См. также: Katz J.N. The Invention of Heterosexuality. New York: E.P.Dutton, 1993.
39 Dorner G., Rohde W., Stahl E, Krell L., Masius W. A Neuroendocrine Predisposition for Homosexuality in Men // Archives of Sexual Behavior. 1975. Vol. 4. № 1. P. 6.
LeVay S. A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between Homosexual and Heterosexual Men // Science. 1991. Vol. 253.
August 30; Idem. The Sexual Brain. Cambridge: M.l.T. Press, 1994; LeVay S., Hamer D. Evidence for a Biological Influence in Male Homosexuality // Scientific American. 1994. Vol. 270. См. также: Born or Bred? // Newsweek. 1992. February 24.
Yahr P. Sexually Dimorphic Hypothalamic Cell Groups and a Related Pathway That Are Essential for Masculine Copulatory Behavior // The Development of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior / Ed. M.Haug, R.Whalen, C.Aron, K.OIsen.
Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993. P. 416.
42 43
См.: Chronicle of Higher Education. 1995. November 10.