степень по социологии, и они одновременно являются практикующими психотерапевтами. Такое сочетание, с моей
точки зрения, дало им возможность с исключительной проницательностью исследовать социальные последствия
индивидуального обесценивания женщины.
Chodorow N. The Reproduction of Mothering; см. также: Idem. Family Structure and Feminine Personality // Women, Culture and Society / Ed. M.Rosaldo, L.Lamphere. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1974.
Chodorow N. Family Structure and Feminine Personality. P. 50.
Gilligan C. In a Different Voice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982. P. 173.
Belenky M.F. et al. Women's Way of Knowing. New York: Basic Books, 1987; Tannen D. You Just Don't Understand. New York: William Morrow, 1990; Bly R. Iron John. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1991.
I8
См.: Crothers H. Meditations on Votes for Women. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1914. P. 74.
Gilligan C. Reply // On In a Different Voice: An Interdisciplinary Forum // Signs. 1986. Vol. 11. № 2. P. 327.
Tavris C. The Mismeasure of Woman // Feminism and Psychology. 1993. Vol. 3. № 2. P. 153.
Tannen D. You Just Don't Understand. P. 24—25, см. также: Idem. Gender and Discourse. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
22 23
Tannen D. You Just Don't Understand. P. 181.
Maccoby E., Jacklin C. The Psychology of Sex Differences. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1974. P. 362.
Джозеф Плек предложил превосходное резюме этих исследований: Pleck J. The Theory of Male Sex Role Identity: Its Rise and Fall, 1936 to the Present // In the Shadow of the Past: Psychology Views the Sexes / Ed. M.Lewin. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984. Многое из его эссе я использовал в своем обзоре.
423
25 Adorno T. et al. The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper and Row, 1950.
26 Miller D., Swanson E.G. Inner Conflict and Defense. New York: Holt, 1960.
27 Parsons T. Certain Primary Sources and Patterns of Aggression in the Social Structure of the Western World //
Psychiatry. 1947. Vol. 10. P. 309.
28 Bern S. The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny // Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1974.
Vol. 42; Idem, Androgyny vs. the Tight Little Lives of Fluffy Women and Chesty Men // Psychology Today. 1975.
September; Idem. Beyond Androgyny: Some Presumptuous Prescriptions for a Liberated Sexual Identity // The Future of Women: Issues in Psychology / Ed. J.Sherman, F.Denmark. New York: Psychological Dimensions, 1978.
См. также: Kaplan A., Sedney M.A. Psychology and Sex Roles: An Androgynous Perspective. Boston: Little Brown, 1980 (цитата на с. 6); Spence J., Helmreich R., Stapp J. The Personal Attributes Questionaire: A Measure of Sex-Role Stereotypes and Masculinity-Femininity // JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology. 1974.
Vol. 4.
29 Pleck J. The Myth of Masculinity. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1981.
30 Farrell W. The Myth of Male Power. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993.
~' Я не хочу сказать, что у Плека не было смелой попытки это сделать. В его работе: Pleck J. Men's Power over Women, Other Men and in Society // Women and Men: The Consequences of Power / Ed. D.Hiller, R.Sheets.
Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati Women's Studies, 1977 — теория задействована, насколько это было
возможно, но все же отсутствует адекватное теоретизирование различия и институционализированных
тендерных отношений.
Sartre J.-P. Anti-Semite and Jew. New York: Schocken Press, 1965. P. 60.
Глава 5
1 Pines M. Civilizing of Genes // Psychology Today. 1981. September.
2 Lopata H.Z., Thome B. On The Term «Sex Roles» // Signs. 1978. \Ы. 3. P. 719.
Carrigan Т., Connell В., Lee J. Toward a New Sociology of Masculinity // Theory and Society. 1985. Vol. 14. См. также: Connell R.W. Gender and Power. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987; Idem. Masculinities. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995; Stacey J., Thome B. The Missing Feminist Revolution in Sociology // Social Problems. 1985. Vol.
32. № 4, — в которых даны тщательная переработка и краткое изложение социологической критики теории
половых ролей.
4 Rhode D. Speaking of Sex. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997. P. 42.
424
Stacey J., Thorne B. The Missing Feminist Revolution in Sociology. P. 307.
6 Carrigan Т., Connell В., Lee J. Toward a New Sociology of Masculinity. p. 587; см. также: Connell R.W. Gender and Power.
7 Hacker H. Women as a Minority Group // Social Forces. 1951. \bl. 30; Tresemer D. Assumptions Made about Gender Roles // Another Voice: Feminist Perspectives on Social Life and Social Science Ed. M.Millman, R.M.Ranter. New York: Anchor Books, 1975. P. 323; Warner R.S., Wellman D., Weitzman L. The Hero, the Sambo and the Operator: Three Characterizations of the Oppressed / Urban Life and Culture. 1973. Vol. 2.
Carrigan T, Connell В., Lee J. Toward a New Sociology of Masculinity. P. 587. 9
10
Arendt H. On Revolution. New York: Viking 1976. Keller E.F. A Feeling for the Organism. New York: W.H.Freeman, 1985.
Chafetz J.S. Toward a Macro-Level Theory of Sexual Stratification // Current Perspectives in Social Theory. 1980.
Vol. I.
Goffman E. The Arrangement between the Sexes // Theory and Society. 1977. Vol. 4. P. 316.
Kanter R. M. Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books, 1977. См. также: Idem. Women and the Structure of Organizations: Explorations in Theory and Behavior // Another Voice / Ed. M.Millman, R.M.Kanter.
Acker J. Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations // Gender & Society. 1990. Vol. 4. № 2. P.
146; см. также: Idem. Sex Bias in Job Evaluation: A Comparable Worth Issue // Ingredients for Women's Employment Policy Ed. C.Bose, G.Spitze. Albany: SUNY Press, 1987; Idem. Class, Gender and the Relations of Distribution / Signs. 1988. Vol. 13; Idem. Doing Comparable Worth: Gender, Class and Pay Equity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989; Acker J., Van Houten D.R. Differential Recruitment and Controclass="underline" The Sex Structuring of Organizations // Administrative Science Quarterly. 1974. Vol. 19. № 2.
15 Acker J. Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies. P. 146—147.
Gerson J., Peiss K. Boundaries, Negotiation, Consciousness: Recon-ceptualizing Gender Relations // Social Problems. 1985. Vol. 32. № 4. P. 320.
Acker J. Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies. P. 258.
ID
West C., Zimmerman D. Doing Gender // Gender & Society. 1987. Vol. l.№ 2. P. 140.
19
Kessler S.J. The Medical Construction of Gender: Case Management of Intersexed Infants // Signs. 1990. Vol. 16. № I. P.
12, 13.
Выражение заимствовано у Р.В.Коннелла; но лично я взял его из названия книги Барбары Ризман: Risman B.
Gender Vertigo. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.
21 Цит. по: West C, Zimmerman D. Doing Gender. P. 133—134.
Goldberg C. Shunning «He» and «She», They Fight for Respect // The New York Times. 1996. September. P. A24.
425
23 Цит. по: Goldberg С. Shunning «Не» and «She»... P. A24.