24 Garfmkel H. Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hal I, 1967. P. 128, 132.
25 Kessler S.J. The Medical Construction of Gender. P. 25.
26 Groth N., Burgess A., Sgroi S. Sexual Assault of Children and Adolescents. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1978.
27 Sheffield C. Feminist Jurisprudence. New York: Routledge, 1997. P. 203.
28 Более подробно я пишу о социологии полового насилия в главе 11.
29 West С., Zimmerman D. Doing Gender. P. 140; Thorne В. Children and Gender: Constructions of Difference //
Theoretical Perspectives on Sexual Difference / Ed. D.Rhode. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990. P. 110; Thompson E.P. The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Pantheon, 1963. P. II.
30 Messerschmidt J. Masculinities and Crime. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and, Littlefield, 1993. P. 121.
31 Carrigan Т., Connell В., Lee J. Toward a New Sociology of Masculinity. P. 589; Fyke K.D. Class-Based Masculinities: The Interdependence of Gender, Class and Interpersonal Power // Gender & Society. 1996. Vol. 10.
№ 5. P. 530.
Глава 6
1 Сложно суммировать здесь суть всех дебатов о семье. См. несколько работ, напр.: Whitehead B.D. Dan Quayle Was Right // The Atlantic. 1993. April; Popenoe D. Life without Father: Compelling New Evidence that Fatherhood and Marriage Are Indispensable for the Good of Children and Society. New York: The Free Press, 1996; Idem. Modern Marriage: Revising the Cultural Script // Promises to Keep: Decline and Renewal of Marriage in America / Ed. D.Popenoe, J.B.Elshtain, D.Blankenhorn.
Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1996. С другой стороны, см.: Stacey J. Brave New Families. New York: Basic Books, 1990; Idem. In the Name of the Family: Rethinking Family Values in the Postmodern Age. Boston: Beacon Press, 1997, а также: CoontzS. The Way We Never Were: American Families and the Nostalgia Trap. New York: Basic Books, 1995; Idem. The Way We Really Are: Coming to Terms with America's Changing Families. New York: Basic Books, 1998.
2 К.Поллит цит. по: Coontz S. The Way We Really Are. P. 95.
3 Coltrane S. Gender and Families. Newbury Park, Calif.: Pine Forge Press, 1998. P. 48—49; Coontz S. The Way We Really Are. P. 30.
4 По вопросу трансформации идеи брака см., напр.: Shorter E. The Making of the Modern Family. New York: Basic Books, 1977; Skolnick A. Embattled Paradise: The American Family in an Age of Uncertainty. New York: Basic Books, 1993; Lasch C. Women and the Common Life: Love, Marriage and Feminism. New York: Norton, 1997, особенно с. 162.
О жестокости мужей см., напр.: Mintz S., Kellogg S. Domestic Revolutions: A Social History of the American Family.
New York: The Free Press, 1988. P. 58.
426
Mintz S., Kellogg S. Domestic Revolutions. P. 50; см. также: Smith P. Daughters of the Promised Land: Women in American History. Boston: Little Brown, 1970; Demos J. The Changing Faces of Fatherhood: A New Exploration in American Family History // Father and Child: Developmental and Clinical Perspectives / Ed. S.Cath, A.Gurwitt, J.Ross. Boston: Little, Brown, 1982. P. 429.
Demos J. Past, Present, and Personaclass="underline" The Family and Life Course in American History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. P. 32; см. также: Hareven T. Family Time and Industrial Time. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. Теннисон цит.
по: Skolnick A. Embattled Paradise. P. 35.
Цит. no: Popenoe D. Life without Father. P. 95.
Lerner G. The Lady and the Mill Girclass="underline" Changes in the Status of Women in the Age of Jackson // American Studies Journal. 1969.
Vol. 10. № 1. P. 7, 9; Dwight T. The Father's Book. Springfield, Mass.: G. and C. Merriam, 1834. Общую информацию см.: Kimme! M. Manhood in America: A Cultural History. New York: Free Press, 1996. Chaps. 1, 2.
Lasch C. Women and the Common Life. P. 162.
Dill B.T. Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families // Journal of Family History. 1988. Vol. 13.
№ 4. P. 428.
Gillis J. Making Time for Family: The Invention of Family Time(s) and the Reinvention of Family History // Journal of Family History. 1996. Vol. 21; Idem. A World of Their Own Making: Myth, Ritual, and the Quest for Family Values. New York: Basic Books, 1996.
Skolnick A. Embattled Paradise. P. 33; «Харперс базар» цит. по: Demos J. The Changing Faces of Fatherhood. P. 442; см.
также: LaRossa R. Fatherhood and Social Change // Family Relations. 1988. Vol. 37; Idem. The Modernization of Fatherhood: A Social and Political History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997; Griswold R. Fatherhood in America: A History. New York: Basic Books, 1993.
13 Skolnick A. Embattled Paradise. P. 41; Mintz S., Kellogg S. Domestic Revolutions. P. 110.
См.: Sugarman S.D. Single Parent Families // All Our Families: New Policies for a New Century / Ed. M.Mason, A.Skolnick.
S,Sugarman. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. P. 20-21.
См.: LaRossa R. The Modernisation of Fatherhood.
Mintz S., Kellogg S. Domestic Revolutions. P. 179, 237; см. также: Coontz S. The Way We Really Are. P. 30.
17 Chafe W. The Unfinished Journey: America since World War II. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. P. 125; Zelditch M. Role Differentiation in the Nuclear Family: A Comparative Study // Family, Socialization and Interaction Process / Ed. T.Parsons, R.F.Bales. New York: The Free Press, 1955. P. 339.
is
Archibald MacLeish. Poem in Prose; из личного общения с Хелен
Смит. Я благодарен Хелен за то, что она подтолкнула меня к мысли, что
427
семья 1950-х гг. стала моделью для американцев среднего класса, проживающих в пригородах, включая, очевидно, и меня самого.
19 Griswold R. Fatherhood in America. P. 204; Lasch C. Women and the Common Life. P. 94; Cowan R.S. More Work for Mother. The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave. New York: Basic Books, 1983. P. 216; Лернер цит. по: Skolnick A. Embattled Paradise. P. 115.
См., напр.: Ehrenreich В. The Hearts of Men. New York: Doubleday, 1983 (о «протесте мужчин» против статуса
кормильца). См. также: Kimmel M. Manhood in America (особенно гл. 7).
См.: Skolnick A. Embattled Paradise. P. 148.
22
America's Fathers and Public Policy / Ed. N.A.Crowell, E.M.Leeper. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1994. P. 1.
23
Quindlen A. Men at Work // The New York Times. 1990. FebruarylS.
24 Coontz S. The Way We Really Are. P. 79; Skolnick A. The Intimate Environment. New York: HarperCollins, 1996. P. 342; Bruce J., Lloyd C.B., Leonard A. Families in Focus: New Perspectives on Mothers, Fathers, and Children. New York: The Population Council, 1995; Johnson D. More and More, the Single Parent Is Dad // The New York Times. 1996. March 27. P. A15.
25 Cherlin A. By the Numbers // The New York Times Magazine. 1998. April 5.
Hochschild A. (with A. Machung). The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. New York: Viking, 1989. P. 258.
Footlick J.K. What Happened to the Family? // Newsweek. Special edition: The 21st Century Family. 1990.
Winter—Spring. P. 14.
TO
Coltrane S. Family Man: Fatherhood, Housework and Gender Equity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. P.
203; см. также: Rubin L. Worlds of Pain. New York: Basic Books, 1976. R 131; Cherlin A. By the Numbers. P. 39.
29 Bernard J. The Future of Marriage. New York: World," 1972.