Brian FitzCount 168, 244
Bridget of Sweden, saint 697
Brindisi 118, 290, 323, 440, 520, 741, 744, 745, 746, 748, 762
Bromholm, abbey of 558
Bruno, bishop of Olmutz 706, 815
Bruno of Segni, papal legate 261
bula de la cruzada 655, 671
Burchard, bishop of Worms 44
Burchard, count of Vendôme 42, 43
Bursuq of Hamadan 187, 191
Byzantine church, union with Rome 538, 559–60, 815, 816, 838, 849–50, 862
Byzantium, empire of 1, 4, 10–12, 21, 35, 49–50, 52–3, 68, 162, 181, 189–90, 191, 193–4, 195, 261–3, 265–6, 273–4, 290–91, 342, 349, 360, 496, 501, 509–10, 514–15, 533–8, 555–60, 830, 845–52
Cadmus, Mt (Honaz Daghi), battle of (1148) 326–7
Caesarea 153, 178, 179, 205, 220, 224, 233–4, 355, 628, 636, 722, 748, 807
Caesarius of Heisterbach, theologian 479, 480
Caffaro, Genoese chronicler 180
Calatrava, Order of 256, 667–8
Calixtus II, pope 249, 253, 258, 265, 275, 664, 668
Calixtus III, pope 865, 869, 871, 890
Caltabellota, treaty of (1302) 899
Canary Islands 838
Canute, Danish duke 252, 264, 681
Canute V, king of Denmark 305, 680, 681
Canute VI, king of Denmark 377, 382, 690
Carmelites, Order of 730
Casal Imbert 222, 404, 726
Castelnaudary 563–6, 596, 624
Catalan Company, the 162, 850
Cathars, Catharism 568–605
Celestine III, pope 480, 488, 491, 666–7, 685
Cerne, monks of 106
Chanson d’Antioche, La 40, 84, 86, 246, 248
chansons de geste 49, 50, 56, 245, 246
Chanson des chétifs 236
Charlemagne, king of the Franks, emperor 5, 36–7, 40, 68, 650, 908
Charles IV, king of France 830
Charles V, king of France 887–8
Charles VI, king of France 852, 854, 858
Charles VII, king of France 866, 909–10
Charles VIII, king of France 872, 910
Charles IV, king of Germany and Bohemia, emperor 887
Charles V, king of Germany and Spain, emperor 671, 902, 910
Charles of Anjou, king of Sicily 724, 731–2, 772, 795, 806, 807, 810–12, 815, 816, 817–18, 838, 849, 898
Charles the Good, count of Flanders 207, 252
Charles the Rash, duke of Burgundy 858, 861
Châteaudun, crusade confraternity of 776
Christian, bishop of the Prussians 699–700, 704
Christian of Gistel 299, 300, 309–17 passim
Christians
Armenian 125, 193, 215, 226, 232, 849
Coptic 126, 637
Greek Orthodox 125, 192–3, 194, 225, 226, 231, 681, 684, 849–50
Jacobite 125, 193, 225, 226, 232
Maronite 125, 225, 226, 616
Melkite 226, 616
Mozarab 314, 315, 654, 660
Nestorian 213, 226, 641, 642, 785
‘Syrian’ 204, 215, 224–5, 226, 231–2, 235
Christine de Pisan, mystic and polemicist 909
Chud-Peipus, Lake, battle of (1242) 696, 701
Church reform movement of eleventh century 6–8, 45–7, 64, 68
Cicero 32, 34
Cilician Armenia 59, 126, 129, 131–2, 139, 149, 190, 194, 261, 319, 328, 427, 716, 723, 817, 826
Cistercians, order of, and crusade 296, 381, 497, 499, 503–4, 588
Clairvaux, abbey of 68
Clement III, pope 441, 479, 481, 482
Clement IV, pope 807, 809, 810, 896, 898
Clement V, pope 706, 830, 841, 842, 879, 909
Clement VI, pope 698, 889, 891
Clement VII, anti-pope 900–901
Clermont, council of (1095) 44, 58, 61, 62–74, 244, 248, 279, 386, 387, 655, 915
Clovis, king of the Franks 36
Cluny, abbey of 27, 63, 69
Cologne 3, 78, 100, 103, 309, 314, 398, 412, 414, 608–10, 685, 744
Coloman I, king of Hungary 95, 96, 99–100, 103, 109
Columbus, Christopher 672, 914–15
Comana 113, 122, 132
Compostela, shrine of St James/Santiago at 54, 70, 263, 657
Conon of Béthune, poet and crusader 389, 510
Conrad, constable to Henry IV of Germany 171, 173
Conrad, duke of Mazovia 699–700, 703, 704
Conrad III, king of Germany 8, 252, 256, 274, 281–2, 284, 286–338 passim, 384, 417, 420, 677, 679–80
Conrad III (Conradin), king of Jerusalem 724, 727, 728, 730, 806, 898
Conrad IV, king of Germany, II, king of Jerusalem 724, 725–6, 727, 756, 762, 898
Conrad of Krosigk, bishop of Halberstadt 506, 508, 517, 520, 528, 542, 557, 619
Conrad of Montferrat, king of Jerusalem 372, 384, 402, 404, 406–9, 411, 413, 415, 416, 428, 429, 444, 450, 452, 454–5, 461, 462, 464–6, 518, 723
Constance, General Council of the Church at (1414–18) 710, 842, 902
Constance, princess of Antioch 191, 194, 346–7
Constance of France, wife of Bohemund of Taranto 261
Constance of Sicily, wife of Henry VI of Germany 417, 424, 441, 489
Constantine the Great, Roman emperor 4, 5, 33
Donation of 5
Constantine IX, Byzantine emperor 10
Constantine XI, Byzantine emperor 850, 864
Constantinople 2, 50, 52, 59, 61, 98, 108, 110, 112–14, 116, 118–22, 172, 319, 320, 321, 322, 326, 359, 422, 425, 535, 851
fall of (1453) 844, 846, 847, 850, 860, 863–6
and Fourth Crusade 495–6, 501, 524, 531, 539–60
Latin empire of 524, 535–6, 550–51, 554–60, 632, 756, 761–2
patriarch of 4, 551, 616, 850
Contarini, Venetian family 181
Cordoba 2, 653, 670
caliphate of 13, 53, 54, 653–7
Corfu, council at (1203) 531, 542, 546, 547, 551
cour de la fronde 213, 232
cour des bourgeois 223, 229, 232
Crac des Chevaliers (Hisn al-Akrad) 150, 197, 198, 345, 403, 721, 813, 820
Cresson, Springs of, battle of (1187) 367
Crete 138, 556
cross, as symbol 63–4, 65, 70–71, 250, 255, 259–60, 279, 293, 375, 384, 389, 421, 480–81, 567, 657, 680, 755, 771–2, 803, 853, 854, 861, 892–3, 896, 908–9
Crown of Thorns, the 556, 558, 762, 783
Crusades
against Albigensians 563–605, 608, 610, 612, 622, 894; atrocities generated by 579–80, 584, 585, 590–93
to Alexandria (1365) 831–4
against Aragon (1285) 898–9
against Balearic Islands 664
in the Baltic 19–20, 168, 292–3, 296, 304–8, 341, 488, 491, 500, 652, 674–712, 756, 834–5, 837
in defence of Belgrade (1456) 837, 844, 866–9
against Bosnians 743, 756
Children’s (1212) 585, 607–11
in Christendom 168, 266, 489, 500, 529, 543, 551–2, 563–605, 623, 666, 756, 818, 834–5, 894–905; opponents of 904–5
communal structures of 93–4, 139, 149, 153, 155, 161, 162, 295, 299–301, 309, 311–12, 314, 327, 414, 420, 467, 510, 530–31, 542, 547, 607–8, 627, 631, 632–3, 644, 761, 763–4, 775–6
confraternities for 776, 878–9
to recover Constantinople 865–6
crusades against crusaders 904
devotional role of 473–4, 477–88, 497–500, 585, 604, 606, 607–11, 620–21, 737–8, 801–2, 803, 825–6, 827, 828–9, 844–5, 857–8, 888–93
against Fra Dolcino 899
of 1100–1101 170–5, 261
of 1107–8 193–4, 246, 258, 259, 261–3, 537
of 1150 336
in England 895–6
as ethnic cleansing 674
to expand Christendom 838, 914
Fifth (1213–21) 606–49, 725, 913; (1227–9) 736–55
First 7–8, 27, 44, 45, 46, 51, 58–164, 258, 483; image of 243–9, 255, 263, 308, 418, 468, 641, 659, 662, 773–4, 802, 829
Fourth 245, 266, 423, 495–560, 584
against Frederick II 762–3, 772, 774–5, 834, 895, 896–8
by Frederick II 736–55
German (1195–8) 488–96