Jarento, abbot of St Bénigne, Dijon 76
Jean Germain, bishop of Châlons 859–61, 866
Jerome, saint
Vulgate of 30, 572, 573
Jerusalem 12, 35, 49, 53, 58, 68–70, 75, 120, 129, 137, 149, 167–9, 740
and the conquest of the Americas 914–15
first kingdom of 60, 159, 160, 178–82, 197, 200–240, 354–74; representative assemblies in 355–6
as goal of First Crusade 63, 66–70, 81–2
as goal of Third Crusade 460–74
as stated goal of crusades 375–6, 473–4, 501–2, 524, 529–30, 540, 639–41, 794, 800
partition plans for 466–7, 469–70, 751–2
patriarchate of 4, 78, 218, 616
pilgrimages to 43, 55, 56, 65, 68–70, 74, 81–2, 83, 116, 167, 169, 180, 216–18, 221, 243–4, 251–3, 329, 330, 379, 662, 826
recovery of, plans and schemes for 827–34, 836, 840, 853–4, 855, 866, 870, 872, 881
second kingdom of 715–33, 764, 806–8, 813–22
siege and fall of (638) 51–2; (1099) 31, 60, 82–3, 117, 142, 153–60, 351, 374, 554, 887–8; (1187) 351, 356, 372–4; (1244) 771, 772
Jews 78, 100, 108, 155, 227, 284, 389, 482, 757, 804, 867
persecution of (1096) 55, 59, 61, 71, 79, 95, 97, 100–106, 282; (1099) 158; (1146–7) 282–6, 292; (1190) 438–9; (in Spain) 656; (by Louis IX) 778, 804; (1320) 881
jihad 21, 52–4, 269–73, 334, 344–5, 352–3, 657, 846
Joan, queen of Sicily 442, 443, 461
Joan of Arc 909–10
Joannitza, king of Bulgaria 550, 555–6
Jocelyn of Brakelond, monk and chronicler 393
John, bishop of Speyer 101
John, king of England 393, 431, 466, 470, 484, 496, 502, 508, 576, 582, 587–9, 595, 612–13, 615, 620, 623, 895
John, king of Sweden 695
John, lord of Joinville, crusader and memorialist 776, 779, 781, 782–3, 787–801 passim, 805, 809, 814
John, saint, Book of Revelation of 31, 157
John I Tzimisces, Byzantine emperor 53
John II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 188, 194, 265, 268, 323, 534
John II, king of France 832, 883
John IV the Oxite, patriarch of Antioch 193
John V Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 847, 849, 851
John VI Cantacuzene, Byzantine emperor 843, 851
John VIII, pope 38
John VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 849–50, 859
John XII, pope 6
John XXII, pope 830, 835, 889, 899–900, 901
John the Baptist 30, 254, 497
John of Basingstoke, scholar 537
John Beaufort 853–4
John Bessarion, cardinal 844, 846, 849
John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem, emperor of Constantinople 556–7, 612, 629, 630–32, 639, 641, 642–7, 716, 725, 736, 740, 741, 743, 756, 897
John Bromyard, OP 891
John of Capistrano, Observant Franciscan and saint 866–9, 891
John the Fearless, count of Nevers, duke of Burgundy 854–7, 858, 861
John of Friaise 510
John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster 853, 854, 901
John Hunyadi, regent of Hungary 862–3, 867–9
John of Ibelin, lord of Arsuf 727, 728
John of Ibelin, ‘Old Lord of Beirut’ 494, 725, 748
John of Ibelin, count of Jaffa 727, 728, 729–31, 784, 787, 791, 806
Le Livre des Assises 729–30
John of Mantua 67
John Paston II, owner of a book on Richard I 886
John Paul II, pope 560, 917
John Phocas, pilgrim 221
John of Plano Carpini, OFM 785
John Sarrasin, French civil servant 787
John Scot Erigena 37
John Torcello, Greek agent 859
John of Würzburg, pilgrim 217, 221, 253, 677
John Wyclif, heresiarch 901, 905
De Cruciata 901
John of Xanten, preacher 619
Joscelin I of Courtenay, count of Edessa 186–7, 221, 271
Joscelin II of Courtenay, count of Edessa 188–9, 268, 331
Joscelin III of Courtenay, titular count of Edessa 357, 358–60, 364
Joscius, archbishop of Tyre 374, 376, 493
Joseph, monk of Canterbury and pilgrim 83
Julian Caesarini, cardinal 862–3
Julius II, pope 901
Julius III, pope 902
just war 32–51, 258
Kalavun, sultan of Egypt 732, 817, 818
Kalojan, king of Bulgaria 510
Kalonymos, rabbi of Mainz 101–2
al-Kamil, sultan of Egypt 630–49 passim, 742, 745–6, 747–52, 755, 764
Karaman 427
Kerak 203, 224, 363, 367, 372, 639
Kerbogha, atabeg of Mosul 129, 134, 137, 138, 140–41, 143, 144, 146–7, 149, 186, 204, 246
Khwarazmians, Turkish freebooters 746, 769, 771
Kibotos 82, 98, 99, 108, 119
Kilij Arslan I, sultan of Rum 124, 127, 128, 129–30, 174, 203
Kilij Arslan II, sultan of Rum 419, 426
Knightsbridge 255
Konya 131, 534
see also Iconium
Koran, the, translations of 245, 859
Kossovo, battle of (1389) 843, 863; (1448) 863
La Forbie, battle of (1244) 771
La Merced, Order of 667
Ladislaus, king of Bohemia 282
Ladislaus IV, king of Hungary 862–3
Lambert, bishop of Arras 63
Landulph, Byzantine agent 327
Lapps 4
Las Navas de Tolosa, battle of (1212) 612, 668–9
Lateran, St John, palace and church of, Rome
First General Church Council at (1123) 488–9, 664
Third General Church Council at (1179) 489, 551, 578, 580, 583
Fourth General Church Council at (1215) 260, 387, 481, 482, 487, 568, 585, 598–9, 616–17, 687, 893
Fifth General Church Council at (1512–17) 873
Lattakiah 117, 135–6, 150, 161, 178, 190, 193, 628, 817
Lavaur, massacre at (1211) 579–80, 584, 585
Lazarus, Order of 256–7
Leo II, king of Armenia 490, 493–4, 632, 644, 716
Leo III, pope 5
Leo IV, pope 38
Leo IX, pope 14, 46
Leopold V, duke of Austria 398–9, 418, 453, 472, 478
Leopold VI, duke of Austria 487, 584, 606, 615, 626, 629, 635, 669
Lepanto, battle of (1571) 903–4
Limoges 72, 74
Lincoln, battle of (1217) 896
Lisbon, siege of (1147) 300, 304, 308–17, 665
Lithuania 677, 682, 684, 689, 693–4, 705–10
Livonia 488, 491, 500, 681, 685–94, 701, 705, 706, 711
Livre au Roi 729
Livy 32
locusts, plagues of 181
Lombards 61, 98, 172–3, 174, 175, 224
War of 725–6
London, Londoners 3, 300, 309, 396, 412, 414, 432, 438, 608
Lorraine, Lorrainers 59, 62, 79, 81, 108–10, 293
Louis, duke of Orléans 854
Louis I, count of Blois 502–3, 505, 507–8, 510, 518, 520, 550, 556, 613
Louis I, count of Clermont, duke of Bourbon 878–9, 880–81, 883
Louis I, duke of Bavaria 625, 645, 741
Louis II, duke of Bourbon 852–3, 883
Louis III, landgrave of Thuringia 413, 418, 428
Louis IV, king of Germany 705, 830, 899
Louis IV, landgrave of Thuringia 744, 746–7
Louis VII, king of France 16, 18, 252, 275–81, 283, 289–338 passim, 384, 420, 489, 550, 580, 737
Louis VIII, king of France 451, 453, 566, 576, 588, 592, 598–601, 620, 622
Louis IX, king of France 345, 558, 601, 670, 727, 728, 737, 758, 759, 762, 769, 830, 881, 908
first crusade 604, 722, 770–802, 803–4, 909
second crusade 805–14
Louis XI, king of France 870
Louis XII, king of France 873
Lowestoft 414
Lübeck 305, 430, 685, 689, 690–92, 701, 702, 704, 744
Lucca 61, 118
Lucius II, pope 273–4, 581
Ad abolendam (1184) 581
Lucius III, pope 342, 417
Ludolf of Tournai 157
Lydda 153