siege machines 23, 103, 139, 142, 155, 156–7, 162, 313–15, 332–3, 415, 433, 449, 450, 528, 540, 552–3, 586, 595, 634–5, 818–20
Sigebert of Gembloux 92
Sigismund, king of Hungary, Bohemia and Germany, emperor 711, 854–6, 902
Sigurd, king of Norway 251, 265
Silves, capture of (1189) 396, 414
Simeon the Armenian 132
Simon, count of Saarbrücken 631
Simon of Dover 309
Simon of Montfort, the Elder 505, 528–9, 531, 532, 542, 563–7, 576, 578, 579–80, 584, 586, 587, 588, 591–2, 593–9, 603, 605, 610, 612, 616
Simon of Montfort, the Younger, earl of Leicester 726, 737, 758, 759, 760, 762, 768, 896
Simon of Trier, martyr 285
slavery 3, 227, 230, 237, 307, 328, 371, 404, 657, 719
Smyrna 837, 843
Solomon bar Simsom 105
Song of Roland 50–51, 250, 654–5
Soqman of Mardin 186
Spain 13, 52
Speyer 100, 101
assembly at (1146–7) 281, 286, 287–8
Standard, battle of the (1138) 250
Stephen, count of Blois 59, 74, 87, 93, 106, 114, 115, 116–18, 122, 124, 130, 136, 140, 141, 142, 147, 161, 163–4, 171, 173–4, 175
Stephen, count of Burgundy 171
Stephen, king of England 255, 300, 454
Stephen, St, king of Hungary 10
Stephen II, pope 5
Stephen of Cloyes, leader of Children’s Crusade 610
Stephen of Neublans 253
Stephen of Valence, visionary 143, 144, 146
Stettin 307, 678, 680
Suger, abbot of St Denis 249, 277, 291–2, 335
al-Sulami, Damascene scholar 125, 181, 272, 650
Suleiman I, the Magnificent 844, 872
Suleiman ibn Kutulmush, sultan of Rum 127
Sven Aggeson, chronicler 682
Sverre, king of Norway 382
Swantopelk, duke of Danzig 701, 702
Sweyn III, king of Denmark, 305, 680, 681
Sweyn Godwinson 252
Swordbrothers of Livonia, Order of 257, 686, 688, 691–3, 695, 701, 704, 756, 840
Sybil, queen of Jerusalem 209, 341, 354, 357–65, 407, 429
Sylvester I, pope 5
Sylvester II (Gerbert), pope 6
Symeon, patriarch of Jerusalem 78–9
Tafurs, the, alleged crusading cannibals 150
Tagliacozzo, battle of (1268) 898
taifa kings of al-Andalus 657–9, 661
Tancred of Lecce, prince of Antioch 15, 20, 82, 87, 94, 111, 112, 113, 119, 120, 124, 131–2, 135, 137, 139, 142, 149–50, 152, 153, 155–8, 178–9, 186–7, 190, 194, 195, 197, 201, 202, 203, 219, 220, 221, 230
Tancred of Lecce, king of Sicily 394, 424, 441–2, 451, 489
Tannenberg (Grünwald), battle of (1410) 710
Tarragona 56, 263, 650, 662, 664
Tarsus 82, 131–2, 328
Tatikios, Byzantine general 114, 121, 130, 139–40, 147
Tatoul the Armenian 132
Tell Danith, battle of (1115) 187, 191, 272
‘Templar of Tyre’, the, chronicler and secret agent 720, 822
Templars, the Order of the Knights of the Temple of Solomon 28, 169, 179, 217, 250, 252, 253–7, 277, 296, 298, 299, 326–7, 329, 331, 334, 349, 354, 355, 367, 371, 444, 449, 457, 639, 665, 667, 686, 719–20, 726, 727, 729, 732–3, 748, 750, 752, 754, 768, 778, 792, 798, 822
reputation of 407, 497
trial and suppression of 706, 838–43
Teutonic Knights, Teutonic Order of the Hospital of St Mary in Jerusalem 257, 430, 494, 639, 668, 687, 688, 696, 698–711, 726, 727, 748, 752, 754, 838
annexed Livonia 693–4, 701
conquest of Prussia 698–705
critics of 706, 709–10, 838–41, 842
Theobald, count of Blois 255
Theobald II, count of Champagne 276
Theobald III, count of Champagne 503, 504–5, 506–7, 510, 514, 516, 517, 760
Theobald IV, count of Champagne 586, 669–70, 756–7, 775
his crusade 1239–40, 719, 757, 759–61, 764–7, 768–9
Theodore Lascaris, ruler of Nicaea 555
Theodwin, cardinal of St Rufina 294
Thessalonica 116
Thiemo, archbishop of Salzburg 175
Thierry, count of Flanders 218, 255, 280, 287, 290, 294, 295, 299, 317, 328, 333–4, 341
Thierry of Nussa, prior of English Hospitallers 758
Thietmar, pilgrim 240, 404
Thomas Aquinas 34, 256, 894
Thomas of Aquino, count of Acerra 744, 754
Thomas Balocz, archbishop of Esztergom 881–2
Thomas Beauchamp, earl of Warwick 708, 832
Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury 251, 356, 377, 396, 582, 624, 908
Thomas Malory, Morte d’Arthur 886
Thomas of Marle 87, 107, 248, 249
Thomas Walsingham, chronicler 833
Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester 709, 887
Thoros of Edessa 134, 202
Tiberias and the campaign of 1187 366–9, 372
Timur the Lame (Tamberlaine) 843–4, 847, 852, 856
Tinnis, Egyptian port 81, 630, 790
Tlaxcala, Mexico, crusade pageant at (1539) 672–3
Toledo 653, 659, 661
Tortosa (Spain) 316, 665
Tortosa (Syria) 175, 179, 196, 237, 405, 822
Tours 71, 74
Council of (1096) 74
towns 3, 42, 75, 77–8, 95, 101, 300, 309–10, 396, 412, 432, 608, 625, 704, 744, 878, 907–8
Travels of John Mandeville, The 887, 914–15
Trent, General Church Council at (from 1545) 873–4, 893
Tripoli (Lebanon) 152, 197, 223, 227, 403, 406, 732, 817
principality of 111, 190, 196–200, 212–40, 721
True/Holy Cross, the 35, 63, 70, 160, 217, 278, 371, 379, 384, 453, 455, 456, 468, 471, 557, 558, 610, 639, 657, 783, 879
Tughrul Beg, Seljuk sultan 126
Tughtegin, atabeg of Damascus 138, 192, 203, 204, 230
Tunis, and Louis IX’s second crusade 810–12
Turbessel (Tell-Bashir) 188–9, 225
Turcopoles 228, 356, 719
Turks 4, 11–13, 125, 126, 181, 213, 226–7, 320–21
leagues against 830, 836, 843, 845
Tutush, Seljuk ruler 127, 128, 129
Tyre 153, 179, 205, 206, 219–20, 223, 230, 237, 265–6, 372, 402–9, 413, 415, 454, 512, 515–16, 718, 726, 732, 822
Ubaldo, archbishop of Pisa, papal legate 402, 407, 429
Ulf of Lauvnes 382
Umar, caliph 51
Unur, ruler of Damascus 188, 198, 333, 334
Urban II, pope 7–8, 28, 31, 45, 47, 49–50, 54, 56, 107, 112, 118, 161, 172, 175, 243, 263, 480, 650, 655, 659, 662, 664, 907, 915
and First Crusade 7–8, 27, 44, 50, 57, 58–89, 92, 96, 106, 115, 119, 125, 148, 149, 152, 161, 164, 170, 245, 248, 258, 281, 296
Urban III, pope 374, 376, 417
Urban IV, pope 807, 896, 898
Urban V, pope 832, 843, 845, 889, 905
Urban VI, pope 698, 900–901
Usmah ibn Munqidh of Shaizar, raconteur 230, 233, 237–8
Valdemar I, king of Denmark 678, 681, 682, 683, 695
Valdemar II, king of Denmark 683, 692, 695–6
Valdemar IV, king of Denmark 696, 705
Valencia 20, 656, 659, 670–71
Vallembrosa, monks of 68, 72
Varangian guards 20, 82, 251, 534
Varna, crusade and battle of 847, 862–3
Vasil of Edessa 188
Vatican, the, Second General Council of the Church at 655
Veils, family of Anglo-Norman merchants 309, 310, 312
Venice, Venetians 3, 55, 179–81, 201, 402, 424, 440, 608, 615–16, 626–7, 631, 634–5, 706, 718, 727–8, 817, 820, 830, 837, 845, 854, 862–3, 866, 871
crusade of (1122–5) 265–6, 516
and Fourth Crusade 495, 501, 511–33, 537–56, 639
Treaty of (1201) 509, 510–16, 520–21, 540, 542
Vetheman of Roskilde, confraternity of 256
Vézelay 432
assembly at (1146) 276, 278–80, 489
agreement of (1190) 440, 442, 450, 453
Vienna, siege of (1529) 873
Vienne, General Council of the Church at (1311–12) 816, 829, 837, 841