—. 2010. Scríbhneoirí faoi Chaibidil. Dublin: Cois Life.
Trodden Keefe, Joan. 1985. “The Graves of Connemara: Ireland’s Máirtín Ó Cadhain.” World Literature Today 59, no. 3 (Summer): 363–73.
Vance, Norman. 2002. Irish Literature since 1800. London: Longman.
Welch, Robert. 1993. Changing States: Transformations in Modern Irish Writing. London: Routledge.
Welch, Robert, and Bruce Stewart (eds.). 1996. “Cré na Cille” and “Máirtín Ó Cadhain.” In The Oxford Companion to Irish Literature, edited by Robert Welch, 119, 405–6. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Selected Audio-Visual Materials
1967. Ó Cadhain ar an gCnocán Glas, produced and directed by Aindreas Ó Gallchóir. Dublin: RTÉ.
1980. There Goes Cré na Cille, directed by Seán Ó Mórdha and scripted by Breandán Ó hEithir. Dublin: RTÉ.
2006. Cré na Cille: Leagan Drámatúil a Réitigh Johnny Chóil Mhaidhc Ó Coisdealbha (CDs). Dublin: RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta and Indreabhán: Cló Iar-Chonnacht.
2006. Is Mise Stoc na Cille, directed by Macdara Ó Curraidhín, produced by ROSG. Conamara: TG4.
2007. Cré na Cille, directed by Robert Quinn, produced by ROSG. Conamara: TG4.
2010. Cré na Cille: 60 Bliain Os Cionn Talún, RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta, produced by Dónall Ó Braonáin. Casla: RTÉ.
About the Author and the Translators
MÁIRTÍN Ó CADHAIN was born in 1906 and spent his formative years in An Cnocán Glas, An Spidéal (Spiddal), Conamara, County Galway. He won a scholarship to St. Patrick’s College in Dublin (1924–1926), after which he returned to the Galway Gaeltacht and taught in various schools there. In 1936 his membership of the proscribed Irish Republican Army led to his dismissal from Carnmore National School in East Galway. He was interned in the Curragh camp in County Kildare during the Second World War and on his release was appointed to the Translation Staff in Dáil Éireann. He was appointed lecturer in Irish at Trinity College Dublin in 1956, becoming associate professor in 1967, professor in 1969, and fellow of Trinity College Dublin (FTCD) in 1970, the year he died. Best known for his novel Cré na Cille (1950), he also published several collections of short stories, including Idir Shúgradh agus Dáiríre (1939), An Braon Broghach (1948), Cois Caoláire (1953), An tSraith ar Lár (1967), An tSraith Dhá Tógáil (1970), and, posthumously, An tSraith Tógtha (1977). Two other novels, Athnuachan (1997) and Barbed Wire (2002), were published posthumously.
LIAM MAC CON IOMAIRE was born in 1937 in Casla, Conamara, County Galway. A teacher by profession, he was director of the Modern Irish Language Laboratory at University College Dublin between 1979 and 1996. He is the author of two biographies of key cultural figures, Breandán Ó hEithir: Iomramh Aonair (Cló Iar-Chonnacht, 2000) and Seosamh Ó hÉanaí: Nár Fhágha mé Bás Choíche (Cló Iar-Chonnacht, 2009). He has produced biographies of traditional singers in A Companion to Irish Traditional Music (Cambridge University Press, 1999 and 2011), and his Conamara: An Tír Aineoil (Cló Iar-Chonnacht, 1997) is a celebratory portrait series of tradition-bearers from Conamara and Árainn. He was awarded an honorary degree by National University of Ireland Galway in 2013.
TIM ROBINSON was born in 1935 and brought up in Yorkshire. He graduated in mathematics from Cambridge and worked in Vienna and London as a visual artist. In 1972 he moved to the Aran Islands, of which he produced a map and the two volumes of Stones of Aran. Elected to Aosdána, the affiliation of Irish artists, in 1996, he was awarded an honorary degree by National University of Ireland Galway in 1997 and made a member of the Royal Irish Academy in 2011. He was Visiting Parnell Fellow at Magdalene College, Cambridge, in 2011 and writer in residence at the Centre Culturel Irlandais, Paris, in 2012. The publication by Penguin of his Conamara trilogy (Listening to the Wind, 2006; The Last Pool of Darkness, 2008; and A Little Gaelic Kingdom, 2011) brought to a close a three-decade project of cartography and topographical writing.
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1. Ó Cadhain 1969, 15. The full titles of works cited in the footnotes may be found in our bibliography at the end of the book, which lists texts written by Ó Cadhain, editions of Cré na Cille, translations, secondary literature, and selected audio-visual materials.
2. Ó Cadhain 1969, 26.
3. Ó Cadhain 1969, 27.
4. Ó Cadhain 1973, 46.
5. Ó Tuairisc 1981, 8.
6. Ó Cadhain 1969, 28.
7. In Ó Cadhain 1995, xv and back cover.
8. In Ó Cadhain 1995, x.
9. Ó Cadhain 1969, 29.
10. The Butler Literary Awards are given by the Irish American Cultural Institute in support of works in the Irish language.
11. Ó Cadhain 1969, 29.
12. I heard Ó Cadhain speak these words at the graveside.
13. I heard Cian Ó hÉigeartaigh speak these words at the graveside.
14. Costigan and Ó Curraoin 1987, 73.
15. Ó Cathasaigh 2002, 118; Ó Háinle 2006, 22; Cló Iar-Chonnacht 2009, 11.
16. Trodden Keefe 1985.
17. Ó hÉigeartaigh and Nic Gearailt 2014, 186.
18. Mac Póilín (ed.) 1991.
19. Deane (ed.) 1991.
20. Bammesberger 1984.
21. O’Leary 2010; Welch 1993; Kiberd 2000 and 2005; Ó Broin 2006 and 2008.
22. See Alan Titley in the Irish Times, 30 March 2015.
23. Rekdal (trans.) 1995.
24. Munch-Pedersen (trans.) 2000.
25. Ó Tuairisc 1981.
26. de Paor, McCormack, and Ó Tuairisg 2006.
27. Máirtín Ó Cadhain, The Key/An Eochair, Dual Language Edition, translated by Louis de Paor and Lochlainn Ó Tuairisg. Dublin: Dalkey Archive Press.
28. Cronin 2001, B13.
29. Ó Cadhain 1969, 17.
30. Ó Floinn 1950, also in Prút (ed.) 1997; Ó Corcora 1950; Greene 1950.
31. Ní Ghairbhí 2008, 49.
32. Ó Corráin 1988, 143.
33. Ó hEithir 1977, 74.
34. Ó hEithir 1977, 75.
35. O’Leary 2010; Welch 1993; Kiberd 2000; Titley 1991; Denvir 2007.
36. Denvir 2007, 222.
37. Ó Doibhlin 1974, 48.
38. Kilfeather 2006, 93.
39. Ó Briain 2013, 281.
40. Ó Cadhain 1969, 30–31.
41. Ó Cadhain 1969, 33.
42. Ó Corcora 1950, 14.
43. Ó hEithir 1977, 83.
44. Ó Dochartaigh 1975, 14.
45. Ó Murchú 1982, 19.
46. Nic Pháidín 1978, 22.
47. Denvir 2007, 50.
48. Nic Eoin 1981, 49.
49. Ó Doibhlin 1974, 47.
50. Ó Corráin 1988, 144–45.
51. Ní Ghairbhí 2008, 50.
52. Kiberd 2000, 583, 584.
53. Trodden Keefe 1985, 371.
54. Irish Times, 24 February 1996 and 1 March 1996.
55. Denvir 2008, 222.
56. In Caerwyn Williams, JEC (ed.), Literature in Celtic Countries (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971), 151.