Jesus’s last Passover in, 120–21, 376n11
Temple, 114
Jesus Christ, 1–9, 28, 39
as Angel of the Lord, 250–54, 264, 267, 269, 278, 331–32
as an apocalypticist, 103–12, 118, 119, 121, 130, 185–86, 197, 203, 353–55
arrest and trial of, 45, 91, 122–23, 152, 161–63, 175
beginnings of Christology and, 211–46
burial by Joseph of Arimathea, 151–56, 163, 377n6
claims to be God, 124–28
conception of, 240–44
Council of Nicea and, 349–52, 357
crucifixion of, see crucifixion
divine realm and, 43–45, 61, 124–28, 206–10, 211–46, 247–82, 285–321, 330–52, 356–70
early heretic views on, 286–321, 366–70
empty tomb, 164–69, 184–86, 190, 206
evaluating earliest views of, 230–35
exalted to heaven, 218–46, 249–51, 266, 279, 282, 289, 308
as exalted Son of God, 244–46, 249–51
fourth- and fifth-century views on, 325–26, 340–52, 356–70
Gnostic view on, 178–80, 302–7
as God, 353–71
as God on earth, 249–82
heretical views of, 286–321
historical, 6, 49–50, 84, 85–128, 130, 132, 133–51
historical and cultural context, 98–102
incarnation Christology, 249–82, 295, 297–98
Judaism and, 50, 76, 98–128, 156–57, 161–63, 202–3, 205, 214, 220, 245, 268, 287, 290–91, 354, 360–65
as Logos of God, 332–34
of the Lord as God and human, 55–57, 72, 83, 250–54, 264, 267, 269, 278
as messiah, 113, 115–24, 206–10, 214, 218–30
messianic self-understanding, 118–24
parallels to Apollonius story, 12–18
Passover in Jerusalem, 120–21, 376n11
problems and methods of historical Jesus, 87–98
raising of mortal body, 180–83
raising of spirit, 178–80
raising of spiritual body, 176–78
resurrection of, see resurrection
as second Adam, 259–62
second- and third-century views of, 283–321, 330–39
self-image of, 112–18
as Son of God at his baptism, 237–40, 289–95
as Son of God at his birth, 240–44
visions of, 183–204, 379n20
Jewish Apocrypha, 71–72
John, 238, 296
1 John, 296
docetists and, 296–98
John, Gospel of, 4, 5, 8, 86, 87, 90–92, 94–97, 103, 105, 124–25, 246, 248–49, 269–79, 297–98, 300, 312, 327, 332, 381n14
elevated teachings about Jesus in, 271–72
incarnation Christology, 249, 266, 269–79
Jesus’s claims of divinity in, 124–25, 271–72
Prologue, 272, 273–79, 297
resurrection narrative, 134–36, 142, 156, 162, 169, 182, 183, 190, 191, 192, 202, 205
John the Baptist, 96, 97, 99, 110–11, 203, 238, 266, 274
apocalyptic message of, 110–11
Joseph, 241
Joseph of Arimathea, 7, 142, 150, 151–52, 225
burial of Jesus, 151–56, 163, 377n6
Josephus, 94, 162
Antiquities of the Jews, 162–63
Judah, 242
Judaism, ancient, 3, 5, 9, 18, 24, 38, 39, 44, 45, 47–84, 147, 161–63, 250, 264–65, 286–87, 290, 360–65
in the ancient world, 50–51
angels in, 55–64, 250
apocalypticism, 99–102, 118, 119, 121, 130, 197, 203, 354, 378n8
divine beings who beget semidivine beings, 62–64
divine beings who temporarily become human, 55–61
divine humans in, 47–84
divine hypostases, 69–75
divine men, 83–84
Ebionites and, 290–91
ethical codes, 50–52
festivals, 50, 120, 159
God Christ and, 360–65
humans who become divine, 76–82
Jesus and, 50, 76, 98–128, 156–57, 161–63, 202–3, 205, 214, 220, 245, 268, 287, 290–91, 354, 360–65
Jesus as messiah, 113, 115–24, 206–10, 214
king of Israel, 76–80, 114, 119
kosher food laws, 50, 51, 361
messiah, 113–15
Moses as God, 80–82
persecution of, 363–64
resurrection and, 156–57, 161–63, 214
ritual practices, 50, 51, 113, 156–57, 290, 361–64
Son of Man, 64–68, 83, 106–9, 113, 118, 119, 209
spectrum of divinity in, 52–55
synagogues, 363–64
two powers in heaven, 67–69
widespread beliefs, 51–52
Judas Iscariot, 109, 119–22
Judea, 6, 114, 120–21, 135, 161–62
judgment, 101
Juno, 32
Jupiter, 19–20, 23, 24, 27, 32, 40, 78
Justin Martyr, 293, 330–34
Apologies, 330–34
Dialogue with Trypho, 330–34
Juvenal, 158
Satires, 158
king of Israel, 76–80, 114, 119, 209
Kunst, Christiane, 233
L, 95, 96, 97, 103, 125, 249, 270
on Jesus’s apocalyptic message, 104
Laodice, 34
Laurentin, René, 198–99
Lazarus, 203, 205
Licinius, 345
Licona, Mike, 188
“The Little Labyrinth,” 292–94
Livy, 25
History of Rome, 25, 26, 27
Locrians, 160
Logie, Kenneth, 200–201
Logos, 70, 72–75, 273, 274–78, 281, 340–41, 368
Jesus as Logos of God, 332–34
Lord (term), 228
Losch, M. E., 193
Lot, 72
Lourdes, France, 199
Lucian of Samosata, 42
The Passing of Peregrinus, 35–38
Lüdemann, Gerd, 188
Luke and his earlier traditions, 229–30
Luke, Gospel of, 4, 90–92, 94–97, 103, 125, 239, 246, 248, 251, 270, 291
baptism in, 239–40
birth of Jesus in, 240–41, 242, 243
resurrection narrative, 134–36, 143, 153–54, 156, 162, 169, 181–85, 190–92, 202
Lutheranism, 130, 285
Lystra, 21
M, 95, 96, 97, 103, 107, 125, 249, 270
on Jesus’s apocalyptic message, 104
Macedonia, 214
Marcellus of Ancyra, 366–67
Marcion, 300–302, 304, 305, 309, 311, 324
Marcus Ancius, 27
Mark, Gospel of, 4, 5, 90–92, 94–97, 102, 103, 107, 123, 125, 138, 239, 246, 248, 249, 251, 270, 305, 377n6, 383n11
baptism in, 238–39
on Jesus’s apocalyptic message, 103
resurrection narrative, 134–36, 142, 151–56, 165, 166–68, 184, 190, 205
Mars, 25, 27, 32, 78
Martin, Dale, 48
Mary, 18, 24, 134, 144, 150, 191, 192, 226, 241, 368–69
birth of Jesus, 241–43
visions of, 198–99, 202
Mary Magdalene, 134, 152, 184–85, 190, 191, 192, 213
matter, 73, 74
Logos and, 73–74
Matthew, Gospel of, 4, 90–92, 94–97, 103, 107–9, 125, 127, 215, 248, 251, 270, 291, 312, 383n11
birth of Jesus in, 242–44
resurrection narrative, 134–36, 142, 143, 156, 162, 168–69, 190, 206
McKellar, P., 193
Media, 65
Mediterranean, 214, 218
Meier, John, A Marginal Jew, 87–88
Melito, 360–62
Mercury, 19–20, 40
messiah, 67, 113–24
Jesus as, 113, 115–24, 206–10, 214, 218–30
Jewish, 113–15
terminology, 67, 113–15
metallurgy, 63
Methodism, 130, 285
Methusaleh, 60
Metzger, Bruce, 155
“Names for the Nameless,” 155
Meyer, Paul, 216
Michael, 54, 60, 64
Middle Ages, 188
Milan, 364
miracles, 147–48, 165, 174, 199, 238
modalism, 308–15, 335, 337
Mohammed, 131
monotheism, 24, 49, 51, 53, 83, 235
Jewish, 51–55
Montefiore, Hugh, 200
Moody Bible Institute, 85–86, 132
Mormonism, 85, 131, 147
Moroni, 147
mortal body, raising of, 180–83
Moses, 51, 56–57, 60–61, 83, 98, 120, 124, 126, 131, 162, 239, 250, 258, 261, 277, 331, 361
as God, 80–82