Mount Hermon, 63
Mount Horeb, 57
Mount Sinai, 57
Muslims, 38, 147, 199, 284–85
Mytilene, 39, 40
Nag Hammadi, 179, 303, 305–6
Nag Hammadi Library, 303–4
Narrative of Joseph of Arimathea, 150
Nazareth, 44, 97, 352
near-death experiences, 149
Nephilim, 62–63
Nero, 16, 158, 203
Nestorius, 368–70
New Testament, 2, 6, 8, 11, 17, 18, 21, 44, 54, 86, 89–98, 110, 126, 127, 130, 133, 138, 155, 161, 181, 187–88, 191, 200, 215, 216, 239, 248, 251, 262, 273, 281, 286, 293, 295, 301, 356, 383n1
after the, 283–321
problems and methods of historical Jesus, 87–98
See also Gospels; specific books
Nicene Creed, 2, 9, 323–25, 350–52, 357, 366, 367
Nicodemus, 156
Noah, 60, 62
Novatian, 335–37
Trinity, 336, 337
objectivity, 172–73
Octavian. See Augustus, Caesar
Old Testament, 51–52, 286, 301, 305, 331, 332, 333, 340. See also Hebrew Bible; specific books
Olympias, 22–23
oral traditions, 91–93, 96, 102, 136, 166, 216, 244–45, 379n21
Origen of Alexandria, 292, 315–19, 383n17
On First Principles, 316, 318
orthodoxy, 8, 285, 286–89, 315–16, 319, 323–52, 360, 365, 368
Arian controversy, 344–52, 356–57, 365, 366, 367
of Dionysius of Rome, 337–39
in early church, 286–321, 323–52
hetero-orthodoxies, 307–19
of Justin Martyr, 330–34
of Novatian, 335–37
paradoxes, 326–52
terminology, 285, 287–88, 319
Ossius, 348
Ovid, 19–20
Metamorphoses, 19–20
paganism, 3, 4, 5, 12–18, 43, 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 62, 63, 64, 83, 94, 214, 240–41, 285, 345, 346, 358–60, 363
God Christ and, 358–60
Roman and Greek models of human divinity, 18–43
Palestine, 45, 49, 69, 88, 91, 105, 223, 341, 354
paradoxes, ortho-, 326–52
Pascal, 283–84
Pascal’s Wager, 283–85
Passover, 120–21, 159, 360–61
seder, 120
Paul, 11, 17, 21–22, 89, 108, 111, 127, 154, 188, 213–15, 236, 239, 246, 251–69, 280, 281, 295–96, 300, 310, 376n4, 378n2, 379n21
beliefs of, 213–18
exaltation Christology, 218–30
incarnation Christology, 251–69, 270, 280
resurrection narrative, 133, 136–43, 153, 154, 165, 166, 176–78, 181–83
visions of Jesus, 188, 192, 202, 203, 214
Pauline letters. See specific texts
Pentecost, 135, 227
Pentecostalism, 148
Peppard, Michael, 28, 232
The Son of God in the Roman World, 232–33
Peregrinus, 34–38
Persia, 65
pessimism, 100
Peter, 17, 90, 94, 127, 140, 154, 179–80, 188, 190, 219, 227, 228, 238, 306
visions of Jesus, 188, 190, 192, 203
Peter, Gospel of, 94, 95
Petronius, Satyricon, 158
Pharisees, 99, 110, 205
Philemon, 19–20, 21, 22
Philip, 124
Philip, King of Macedonia, 22–23, 160
Philippians, 215, 253–66, 296
Adam and, 259–62
Christ Poem, 254–66, 381n8
incarnation Christology, 253, 254–66, 267, 278, 281
as pre-Pauline tradition, 255–58
Philo of Alexandria, 73–75, 81–82, 158–69, 163, 276
Agriculture, 75
Changing of Names, 75
Dreams, 75
Embassy to Gaius, 163
Life of Moses, 81–82
on Logos, 73–75
Questions on Exodus, 82
Questions on Genesis, 75
Sacrifices of Abel and Cain, 81, 82
The Worse Attacks, the Better, 81
Philostratus, 12, 13, 373n3
Life of Apollonius of Tyana, 14, 15
Phrygia, 19–20, 21
Pilate, Pontius, 6, 15, 45, 96, 119, 122–23, 152, 154, 156, 161–64, 246, 325
policies of, 161–64
Plato, 24, 73, 74, 75, 373n6, 383n16
on Logos, 73, 74, 273
Plautus, Amphytrion, 23–24
Pliny the Younger, 233
Plutarch, 22–23
polytheism, 39, 41, 83, 338
Posey, T. B., 193
powers, 54, 83
Prayer of Joseph, 48
preliterary traditions, 216–18, 226, 229–30, 236, 240, 273–74
pre-Pauline tradition, 138–40, 218, 221, 255–59
Philippians poem as, 255–59
Presbyterianism, 130, 285
presuppositions, 144–50
Priene, 47–49
Princeton Epigraphy Project, 47–49
Princeton Theological Seminary, 86
Princeton University, 47
principalities, 54, 83
Proculus Julius, 26
Prologue of John, 272, 273–79, 297
Proteus, 14, 18, 38
pyramid, divine, 40–42, 54
Pythagoras, 13
Q, 95, 96, 103, 109, 110, 125, 249, 270
on Jesus’s apocalyptic message, 104
Quintilian, 31
Institutes of Oratory, 31
Quirinus, 27
Ram’el, 63
rape, 62
Raphael, 54
reason, 172, 333
resurrection, 6–7, 91, 116–18, 129–69, 171–210, 214, 218, 240, 244, 246, 289, 378n2, 378n8
apologists, 172–73, 199
belief of disciples and, 174–83, 204–10
debate, 129–69
“doubt tradition” and, 189–92
empty tomb, 164–69, 184–86, 190, 206
exaltation of Jesus, 218–36, 237, 239, 249–51, 266
Gospel narratives, 133–36, 140, 141, 142, 143, 151–56, 162, 168–69, 181–83, 189–92
historians and, 132–33, 143–51
outcome of faith, 204–10
Paul on, 133, 136–43, 153, 154, 165, 166, 176–78, 181–83
raising of mortal body, 180–83
raising of spirit, 178–80
of spiritual body, 176–78
visions of Jesus, 183–204
what we can know, 171–210
what we cannot know, 129–69
women at the tomb, 166–68, 184–85, 191
Ricardo, Monsignor Pio Bello, 198
Roberts, Oral, 148
Rohmer, Eric, films by, 283, 284
Roma, 30, 32
Roman Adoptionists, 291–95
Roman Catholicism, 39, 144, 147
Romans, 166, 215, 218–25, 260, 267, 268, 295, 310
exaltation of Jesus, 218–25
Rome, ancient, 5, 9, 11–43, 49, 78, 82, 92, 94, 112, 116, 119–23, 126, 144, 153, 219, 245, 291, 293, 298, 358
adoption in, 232–34
burial practices for criminals, 156–65
Christians and, 291–95, 309–11, 330, 339–60, 384n8
common graves used for criminals, 160–61
divine beings born of a god and a mortal, 22–24
divine pyramid, 40–42
emperor cult, 30–34, 49, 234
founding of, 27
gods who temporarily become human, 19–22
human who becomes divine, 25–38
Jesus and, 119–23, 143–65, 219–25, 232–34, 245–46, 264
models of divine humans, 18–43
practices of crucifixion, 156–60
resurrection and, 143–69
Romulus, 25–27, 144, 240
Ruether, Rosemary, Faith and Fratricide, 363
Rutgers University, 47, 247
Sabbath, 98, 157
Sabellius, 337–38, 366
Sabines, 27
Sacks, Oliver, Hallucinations, 194
Sadducees, 120, 121
salvation, 108–9, 112, 214, 285, 306–7
Sanders, E. P., 88
Sanhedrin, 152, 154, 155, 156, 163, 225
Sarah, 56
Sardis, 360
satire, 35
Saul, 76, 114
Sayings Source, 95
scavenging animals, 157–61, 163