papyrus ref 1
parchment ref 1, ref 2
patriarchs ref 1
periodic table of the elements ref 1
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea ref 1, ref 2
personal growth ref 1
personal identification ref 1, ref 2
personal privacy ref 1
perspective ref 1
Pharisees ref 1, ref 2
Philistines ref 1
philology ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
philosophy:
Arab ref 1
Chinese ref 1
Classical ref 1, ref 2
Hindu ref 1
humanist ref 1
Islamic ref 1
physics, experimental ref 1
physiology ref 1, ref 2
pi ref 1
pictographs ref 1, ref 2illus.
places of worship:
cathedrals ref 1
churches ref 1, ref 2
Hindu temples ref 1
mosques ref 1
synagogue/Temple ref 1
Platonism ref 1
polis see city state (polis)
political economy ref 1
political expediency ref 1
political history ref 1
political philosophy ref 1, ref 2
politics ref 1, ref 2
popular piety ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
porcelain ref 1
portolano ref 1
positivism ref 1
pottery ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
pragmatism ref 1
priesthood ref 1, ref 2
printing:
block ref 1
with movable type ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
private life ref 1, ref 2
private property ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
progress ref 1
progressionism ref 1
prophets ref 1
prosa ref 1
Protestant ethic ref 1
Protestantism ref 1, ref 2
national dimension ref 1
and printing ref 1
proto-capitalism ref 1
Pseudepigrapha ref 1
psyche ref 1, ref 2
psychology ref 1, ref 2
public health ref 1, ref 2
publishing ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
quadrivium ref 1
quantification ref 1, ref 2
Quinisext Council ref 1
Qur’an ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
scholarship and study ref 1, ref 2
Rabula Codex ref 1
racial theories ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Ramadan ref 1
Ramayana ref 1
rationalism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
reading ref 1, ref 2
realism ref 1
reasonable man ref 1
Record of the Later Han, The ref 1
record-keeping ref 1
Reformation ref 1, ref 2
religion:
ancestor worship ref 1
cave ref 1
Classical ref 1, ref 2
comparative ref 1
core elements ref 1, ref 2
deism ref 1
earliest ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
emperor worship ref 1, ref 2
masculation of divinities ref 1
New World ref 1
rationalism in ref 1, ref 2
revealed ref 1
Shamanism ref 1
spread ref 1
text-based ref 1, ref 2
and urban life ref 1
religious concepts see also soul
afterlife ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
crucifixion ref 1
death and resurrection ref 1
divinity ref 1
good and evil ref 1
heaven/paradise ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
hell ref 1, ref 2
rationalistic
supernaturalism ref 1
rebirth ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
reincarnation ref 1, ref 2
repentance ref 1
resurrection ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
sacrifice ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
salvation ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
saviours/saviour gods ref 1, ref 2
supreme beings ref 1 (see also gods and goddesses)
Renaissance ref 1
res publica ref 1
retail markets ref 1
rhetoric ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Rig Veda ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Roma Aeterna ref 1
Roman Empire ref 1, ref 2
Roman law ref 1
Romanticism ref 1
and Indic studies ref 1
Rosetta Stone ref 1, ref 2
Sabbath ref 1
sacraments ref 1
sacred landscapes ref 1, ref 2
sacred stones ref 1
Sadducees ref 1
sailing/rafting ref 1, ref 2
samsara ref 1, ref 2
sasanas ref 1
Sayings of Jesus, The ref 1
scepticism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
growth ref 1
in Islamic thought ref 1
modern ref 1
Renaissance ref 1
scholars ref 1
scholarship ref 1 see also centres of learning
Biblical ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
custodial ref 1
Islamic ref 1
and Judaism ref 1
textual criticism ref 1
scholasticism ref 1, ref 2
scholia ref 1, ref 2
schools ref 1
Babylonian ref 1
Christian ref 1, ref 2
Classical ref 1
Dark Ages ref 1
Islamic ref 1
monastic ref 1
science and technology ref 1
science ref 1, ref 2
beginnings ref 1
in China ref 1
Dark Ages ref 1
indeterminacy ref 1
Native American ref 1
philosophy of ref 1
popularisation ref 1
scientific method ref 1
applied to society ref 1
Scientific Revolution achievements ref 1
background ref 1
philosophical underpinning ref 1
subordination of theology ref 1
Scottish Enlightenment ref 1
scribes ref 1, ref 2
scripts see also alphabets
Chinese ref 1, ref 2illus.
cuneiform ref 1, ref 2, ref 3illus., ref 1illus.
deciphering ancient ref 1
Devanagari ref 1
early Renaissance ref 1
Egyptian hieroglyphics ref 1
Gupta Brahmi ref 1
Linear A and B ref 1
miniscule ref 1
Old European ref 1, ref 2illus.
runes ref 1
uncial ref 1
sea power ref 1
secularism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
in America ref 1
in the ancient world ref 1
in art ref 1
and the new universities ref 1
patronage of the arts ref 1
Renaissance ref 1
social ref 1
sedentism ref 1
self:
capacity for development ref 1
consciousness of ref 1, ref 2
destruction (suicide) ref 1
hidden dimension ref 1
Marxist ref 1
Renaissance ref 1
sense of ref 1, ref 2
unconscious ref 1
self-criticism ref 1
self-denial ref 1
self-esteem ref 1
self-expression ref 1
autobiography ref 1
in the Middle Ages ref 1
self-portraiture ref 1
self-reliance ref 1
senatus consultum ref 1
settlements ref 1, ref 2
Seven Golden Odes, The; ‘Seven Mu’Allaqat’ ref 1
seven liberal arts ref 1
shamanism ref 1
shelter ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Siddhanta (Sindhind) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
silent reading ref 1, ref 2
Silk Road ref 1n, ref 2
slavery ref 1
social conscience ref 1
social consciousness ref 1
social contracts ref 1, ref 2
social Darwinism ref 1, ref 2
social organisation ref 1, ref 2
Christian ref 1, ref 2
commercial ref 1
communities ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
cooperation ref 1
distinctions ref 1
feudalism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
hierarchies ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
and language ref 1
and urban life ref 1
social revolution ref 1
social sciences ref 1
sociology ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Socratic method ref 1
solar year ref 1
sophism ref 1
soul ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
in Arab philosophy ref 1
Classical ref 1