Notes kom - as
klerko - clerk
koquisto - cook
laboro - work
lando - country/land
listo - list
livis - left (verb)
naskis - was born
onklulo - uncle
rejala - royal
evar - to be aged
serchas [SERR-chas] - looks for
restorerio - restaurant
staciono - station
tota - all/ the whole
vartez! - wait!
ye - at/in/on a precise place or time
fairo [fa-I-ro] - fire
quanta? - how many? (adjective)
quante? - how many? (adverb)
"Incendio" is a destructive fire, deliberate or accidental. "Fairo" is fire in general, the sort found in a home fireplace.
"Konocas" is "knows" in the sense of "being aquainted with", and is used for "knowing" a person or a place: Me konocas Mary. "Savas" is used for "knowing" a fact: Me savas ke ilu esas/es stupida.
"Evar" is "to be so many years old, to be aged so many years" as in Me evas 51 (kinadek-e-un) yari. -Iam 51 years old.
quanta? (adjective) - how many/much?, quante? (adverb) - how many/much?
Quanta homi mortis? - How many people have died? Quante to kustas? - How much does this cost? Quante vu evas? - How old are you?
Konversado
En la employo-agenterio (K=Klerko, A=Albert) K: Bonjorno, Sioro.
A: Bonjorno, Sioro. Me nomesas Albert Smith. Me serchas laboro kom koquisto. Yen mea atesti.
K: Hm. Albert Smith. Yes. Quo esas/es vua adreso?
A: Me habitas ye kin, Couturat Strado.
K: Hm, yes. Quante vu evas?
A: Me evas triadek e sis yari.
K: Ed ube vu naskis? En ca lando?
A: Yes, me naskis en London.
K: Hm, yes. Ka vu havas familio?
A: Yes, me havas spozino e tri infanti. Mea onklulo anke lojas en la domo kun ni.
K: Hm, yes. Pro quo vu livis vua antea laboro?
A: Incendio eventis en la koqueyo e la restorerio brulis. Fakte la tota strado brulis.
K: Hm, hm, yes. Vartez! Me serchos laboro por vu en mea listi. Ha, yes! Ka vu konocas la Rejala Hotelo? La hotelestro beznoas bona koquisto.
A: No, me ne konocas ol.
K: Hm. Ka vu konocas la centro dil urbo?
A: Me nur konocas la cinemo, la butiki, la biblioteko, e la drinkerii. K: Ka vu konocas Nova Strado? La staciono esas/es en Nova Strado. A: Yes.
K: Bone, en ta strado esas/es la Rejala Hotelo. Olu esas/es direte apud la incendio-domo.
Questioni
Quale la koquisto nomesas? -> Ilu nomesas Albert Smith.
Ube ilu esas? -> Ilu esas en la employo-agenterio.
Quon ilu serchas? -> Ilu serchas laboro kom koquisto.
Qua parolas ad Albert? -> La klerko ibe.
Ube Albert habitas? -> Ilu habitas ye kin, Couturat Strado.
Quante ilu evas? -> Ilu evas triadek e sis yari.
Ube ilu naskis? -> Ilu naskis en London.
Albert havas quanta infanti? -> Ilu havas tri infanti.
Quanta homi rezidas che Albert? -> Sis homi rezidas ibe.
Quo eventis en la koqueyo dil restorerio? -> Incendio eventis.
Kad Albert konocas la Rejala Hotelo? -> No, ilu ne konocas.
Qua bezonas bona koquisto? -> La hotelestro di la Rejala Hotelo.
Quon ilu konocas en la centro dil urbo? -> La cinemo, la butiki etc.
Ube la staciono es? -> Olu esas en Nova Strado.
Quo esas/es direte apud la Rejala Hotelo? -> La incendio-domo esas ibe.
Homi - People
viro - man (adult male)
muliero - woman (adult female)
homo - human being/person
homino - female person
homulo - male person
yuno - young person (adolescence
upwards)
yunino - young person (female) yunulo - young person (male) geyuni - young persons (male and female)
puero - child (7 to adolescence) puerino - small girl puerulo - small boy infanto - infant (up to 7 years) infantino - infant girl infantulo - infant boy infanteto - baby
Lesson 09 • Nonesma Leciono The Infinitive
Here are some examples ofEnglish verb infinitives: to eat, to sing, to clean. English uses two words, "to" + whatever the verb happens to be. Ido, however, uses only one word and indicates the infinitive by the ending -AR: manjar (manJAR) - to eat, kantar (kanTAR - to sing, netigar (netiGAR) - to clean.
Hidden Infinitives
Note that English does not always use the full infinitive, occasionally dropping the "to":
"I must go", "I can go", which logically speaking should be "I must to go", (Ido) me mustas irar
"I can to go", (Ido) me povas irar, is on the same pattern as "I want to go" (Ido) me volas irar, and "I try to go" (Ido) me esforcas irar.
Three Types of Infinitives
All three types of inifinitive - present, past, and future, have the accent or stress on the last syllable.
The PRESENT INFINITIVE ofverbs ends in -AR (accented): kredar [kre-DARR] - to believe; donar [do-NARR] - to give
The present tense ends in -AS (not accented): me kredas [KRE-das]. - I believe. Me donas [DO-nas]. -1 give.
The PAST INFINITIVE ends in -IR (accented): kredir [kre-DIRR] - to have believed; donir [do-NIRR] - to have given
The past tense ends in -IS (not accented): Me kredis [KRE-dis]. -1 believed./1 have believed. Me donis [DO-nis]. -1 gave. /1 have given.
The FUTURE INFINITIVE ofverbs ends in -OR: kredor [kre-DORR] - to be about to believe, donor [do-NOR] - to be about to give
The future tense ends in -OS (not accented): Me kredos [KRE-dos]. -1 shall believe. Me donos [DO-nos]. -1 shall give.
Common Mistakes
You cannot have two "-S" ending verbs together, such as "El mustas iras", or "Il ne povis venas". The second verb in such two-verb constructions must be an infinitive:
Elu mustas irar. Ilu ne povis venar.
Avoid the temptation to use "a" or "ad" with an infinitive, like the "to" in English:
"El volas ad iras" or "El volas ad irar" is nonsense.
The "to" of"She wants to go" is already conveyed by the -AR ending.
povar - to be able to (can) prizar - to like regardas - to look at savar - to know televiziono - television volar - to want to/wish to
Vortaro
darfar - to be allowed to (may) esar - to be esforcar - to try komprar - to buy konduktar - to drive mustar - to have to (must)
On rare occasions "por" may be used for "to" where it really means "in order to": Me laboras por vivar. -1 work (in order) to live.
However this "por" construction is not included in the following examples.
Exempli
I must go. - Me mustas irar.
You must come. - Vu mustas venar.
I want to know. - Me volas savar.
He cannot cook. - Ilu ne povas koquar.
He wants to know. - Ilu volas savar.
He must be good. - Ilu mustas esar bona.
He may have the dog. - Ilu darfas havar la hundo.
I can drive a truck. - Me povas konduktar kamiono.
The doctor can't come. - La mediko ne povas venar.
My uncle wants to eat. - Mea onklulo volas manjar.
You may eat the apples. - Vi darfas manjar la pomi.
My sister likes to sing. - Mea fratino prizas kantar.
She is allowed to buy it. - Elu darfas komprar ol.
I tried to cook the meat. - Me esforcis koquar la karno.
I like to visit my sister. - Me prizas vizitar mea fratino.