A quarter to eight (= three-quarters after seven) - Sep kloki e tri quarimi, (quaradek-e-kin minuti).
Twenty to ten (= 9:40). - Non kloki quaradek.
Continental timetables, military times, and other special applications use the 24-hour clock:
Twelve noon. - Dek-e-du kloki (twelve o'clock) One p.m. - Dek-e-tri kloki (thirteen o'clock).
Arithmetic: - Review
The words "plus","minus", "multiplied by", "divided by", are translated plus (pronounced [plus]), minus [MIN-us], per [perr], sur [surr]:
2 + 3-1,du plus tri minus un.
4x2 = 8, quar per du facas ok. or, tet*(=4) per du esas/es ok.
9/3 = 3, non sur tri facas tri.
*An alias for the number "quar" is "tet*", abbreviated form of"tetra", Greek "four". For rapid mental arithmetic you can pronounce "tet" rather faster than "quar". You can use tet* when calculating with a soroban, a Japanese abacus.
Days, Months, etc.: - Review
The names of the days of the week are (usually no capitals):
sundio, lundio, mardio, merkurdio, jovdio, venerdio, saturdio.
The names of the months are (also usually no capitals):
januaro, februaro, marto, aprilo, mayo, junio,julio, agosto, septembro, oktobro, novembro, decembro.
Unoficial but sometimes used names of the last four months would be: sepTemBRo - bofronto*, oKTobRo - kuturato*, NOvEMbro - zamenofo*, decembro - yar'exodo*:
januaro (1), februaro (2), marto (3), aprilo (4), mayo (5),junio (6), julio (7), agosto (8), bofronto* (9), kuturato* (10), zamenofo* (11), yar'exodo* (12).
The names of the seasons are: printempo (spring), somero (summer), autuno (autumn), vintro (winter).
The international hotel custom is followed in naming the chief meals"
breakfast - dejuneto, lunch - luncho*, dinner - dineo, supper - supeo.
The corresponding verbs are: dejunar, lunchar*, dinear, supear.
What are "Ergative" Verbs?
An ergative (or "mixed") verb is a verb that can be either transitive or intransitive, and whose subject when intransitive corresponds to its direct object when transitive:
Mea laboro komencas, duras, cesas (intransitive);
Me komencas, duras, cesas mea laboro, or, laborar (transitive).
Ergative verbs fall into several general groups:
Verbs suggesting a change of state - break, burst, form, melt, tear, transform, begin, continue, end
Verbs of cooking - bake, boil, cook, fry
Verbs of movement - move, shake, sweep, turn, walk
Verbs involving vehicles - drive, fly, reverse, run, sail
I start the music -> The music starts. Me komencas la muziko. -> La muziko komencas.
I stop the playing -> The playing stops. Me cesas la pleo. -> La pleo cesas.
I finish the work -> The work finishes (is done). Me finas la laboro. -> La laboro finas.
I turn the wheel of reincarnation -> The wheel of reincarnation turns. Me turnas la roto di riinkarnaco. -> La roto di riinkarnaco turnas.
I continue the fight - > The fight continues. Me duras/durigas la kombato. -> La kombato duras.
Lesson 28 - Duadek-e-okesma Leciono List of Principal Conjunctions
ed, e, and od, o, or
od ... od, either ...or nek, nor
nek ... nek, neither ...nor or, now (in argument) nam, for (= because) do, then, so (= therefore) ma, but
tamen, however, nevertheless, yet
yen, here is, here are
lore ... lore, now ... then
kad, ka, (question word) whether
ke, that
se, if
sive ... sive, whether ...or se ne, if not
se ... nur, nur se, provided that
ecepte se, unless
quale se, as though
quankam, although
pro quo? why?
por quo? what for?
de kande, as soon as, since when
por ne, lest (with infinitive)
Compound Conjunctions
In addition to the conjunctions formed from prepositions by adding "ke", many can be formed from adverbs in the same way:
tale ke, so that, in such a way that:
tante ke, so much that:
tam longe ke, as long as:
kaze ke, in case:
kondicione ke, on condition that:
unfoye ke, once that:
omnafoye ke, each time that:
tam ofte ke, as often as:
time ke, for fear that:
tante plu ... ke, all the more ... that:
quante plu ... tante plu, the more ... the more:
quante min ... tante min, the less ... the less:
tante plu bone.. ke, all the better ... because:
Translate Meaning, not just Words
Word-groups or phrases in Ido rely on the general rule is that every word means one definite idea, and can be combined with another word also meaning one definite idea, to form the exact equivalent of meaning for any English phrase, even when the English words have lost the precision of their original meaning. These example will help clarify the concept:
SE means "if", NUR means "only", SE NUR (=ifonly) is translated "provided that".
DE means "from", KANDE means "when", DE KANDE is translated "since when?" or "how long?".
PRO means "on account of", QUO means "what thing", PRO QUO is translated "why?"
QUIK means "immediately", KANDE means "when", QUIK KANDE is translated "as soon as".
PRO means "on account of", TO means "that (thing)". PRO TO is translated "that's why".
QUANTE means "so much", MIN means "less", TANTE means "this much", QUANTE MIN ... TANTE MIN is translated "the less ... the less".
For instance:
Quante min me manjas, tante min me drinkas. - The less I eat, the less I drink.
De kande vu lojas hike? Me lojas hike de un monato.
How long have you lived here? I have lived here one month.
De kande ilu arivis ... - As soon as he arrived ...
Apene ilu arivis, kande elu klozis la pordo. - He no sooner arrived than she closed the door.
Exempli
Prepare a room in case he comes (should come). - Preparez chambro pro la kazo se ilu venus.
In case he comes (will come), show him in. - En la kazo ke ilu venos, enduktez ilu.
Very well; we'll take our umbrellas, in case it begins again. - Bone; ni prenos nia parapluvi, kaze ke olu rikomencus.
Do Something, and Do Something Else
Very often, between an imperative and an infinitive, "and" cannot be translated by "ed":
Take care and behave yourself. -> Take care that you behave yourself. - Sorgez ke vu kondutas bone.
Be careful and see that he does it. -> Carefully see that he does it. - Sorge atencez ke ilu facas ol.
Be sure and come. -> Fail not to come. - Ne faliez venar.
As
The word "as" conveys so many different ideas, that several examples
of its translation are more useful than trying to develop rules:
He came in as I spoke (= while I spoke). - Ilu envenis dum ke me parolis.
It happened as I told you (= in the way in which I told you). - Lo eventis quale me predicis a vu.