Lesson 06 - Sisesma Leciono Interrogative Pronouns (1)
For questions about "who" or "what", Ido has a set of interrogative pronouns: qua - who, qui - plural who, quo - what.
Qua regardas me? - Who is looking at me?
Qua amas il? - Who loves him?
If you know that the "who" is more than one person, use "qui":
Qui regardas me? - Who is looking at me?
Qui amas il? - Who loves him?
If the "who" could be a non-person or unknown "thing", use "quo" to ask "what":
Quo esas/es en la buxo? - What is in the box?
Quo eventis? - What happened?
Note in Ido it is not necessary to change the word order when making questions, though it is in English.
(English) "He is" becomes "Who is he?"
(Ido) "Il es" becomes "Qua ilu es?" ("Who he is?")
Exempli
Who is he? - Qua ilu esas?
Who was ill? - Qua esis malada?
What is in the garden? - Quo esas/es en la gardeno?
Who did George's work? - Qua facis la laboro di George?
Who loves the old horse? - Qua amas la olda kavalo?
What is eating my apples? - Quo manjas mea pomi?
Who came here with the dog? - Qui venis hike kun la hundo?
Who is learning Ido in this school? - Qui lernas Ido en la skolo?
Who went to the school with white mice? - Qui iris a la skolo kun blanka musi?
Exempli
I have ten cats. - Me havas dek kati.
I have one brother. - Me havas un fratulo.
Nine girls visited me. - Non yunini vizitis me.
My brother saw three birds. - Mea fratulo vidis tri uceli.
Who has two bottles ofbeer? - Qua havas du boteli de biro?
The dog is eating five cakes. - La hundo manjas kin kuki.
She is not buying six apples. - Elu ne kompras sis pomi.
We have only four clean shoes. - Ni havas nur quar neta shui.
Are seven flowers in the garden? - Ka sep flori esas/es en la gardeno?
Mary's house hasn't got eight windows. - La domo di Mary ne havas ok fenestri.
Vortifado
-ey- (place or room devoted to some object or action) is used in the construction of many common words:
un - one du - two tri - three quar - four kin - five
Who visits the friends of the old shopkeeper? - Qua vizitas la amiki di la olda butikisti?
Numerals
sis - six
sep - seven ok - eight non - nine dek - ten
pregeyo - oratory
koqueyo - kitchen (koquas - cooks) tombeyo - cemetery kavaleyo - stable (place for horses) hundeyo - kennel (place for dogs) vinteyo - vineyard
as well as for others of a more general nature:
lerneyo - school-room lojeyo - dwelling place
dormeyo - a sleeping place/dormitory
Since the meaning of this suffix is broad, there are special words sharper distinctions: universitato, skolo, etc., for lerneyo (place of learning); katedralo, kirko, etc., for pregeyo (place of worship).
Vortifado
-uy- (receptacle): inkuyo - inkwell kafeuyo - coffee-box teuyo - tea-caddy sigaruyo - cigar-box NOTE: coffee-pot, tea-pot are kafe-krucho, te-krucho. -i- (domain or sphere of action): dukio - duchy komtio - county episkopio - bishopric -ed- (the full of, amount corresponding to): bokedo - mouthful pinchedo - pinch glutedo - gulp
Vortaro
rezidas - resides, dwells, lives The following two words are more specific than "rezidas": lojas - lives for a limited time (in someone else's house etc.) habitas - lives permanently (in one's own house etc.)
On lojas tempe (kurte) che altra persono od en gasteyo.
On habitas permanente en propra o fixa domo.
On habitas urbo, che amiko, parento, en apartamento, en chambro, e.c.
laboras - works
trovas - finds
sidas - sits
Exempli
The pub is your place of work. - La drinkerio esas/es vua laboreyo.
The children are in the stable. - La pueri esas/es en la kavaleyo.
My dog doesn't live in a kennel. - Mea hundo ne habitas en hundeyo.
We have a fish pond in our garden. - Ni havas fisheyo en nia gardeno.
The house has a beautiful kitchen. - La domo havas bela koqueyo.
The children eat in the dining hall. - La yuni manjas en la manjeyo.
She didn't find a sitting place (seat). - Elu ne trovis sideyo.
My house is the dwelling place of many mice. - Mea domo esas/es la rezideyo di multa musi.
They didn't find a drinking place for the horses. - Li ne trovis drinkeyo por la kavali.
They don't have a place to sleep (dormitory) in the school. - Li ne havas dormeyo en la skolo.
Dum - Extended "During"
Note the following difference carefully.
Me manjis dum la nokto. -1 ate during the night. (throughout the whole night).
Me manjis en la nokto. -1 ate during the night. (at one or more different times during the night).
Od/o - "Or"
Note that as with "ed/e", "od" is generally used when the next word starts with a vowel, and "o" is used when it begins with a consonant.
Vortifado:- Adjektivi kun nuanci
-al- (forms adjectives meaning "belonging to" or "relating to"): universala - universal, racionala - rational
-oz- (means "full of", "containing", "rich in"): poroza - porous, sabloza - sandy, kurajoza - courageous, famoza - famous
-em- (means "inclined to"): babilema - talkative, ociema - lazy, laborema - industrious
-ik- (means "sick of", "suffering from"): ftiziiko (fti.zi.IK.o) -
consumptive, artritiko - arthritic, alkoholiko - alcoholic patient
-atr- (means "like", "similar to", "-ish"): sponjatra - spongy, haratra - hair-like, verdatra - greenish
-e- (means "having the appearance or color of"): rozea - rozy, pink, violea - violet (-colored), musea - mouse-colored
Vortaro
armeo - army automobilo - car biciklo - bicycle divenis - became dormeyo - sleeping place konduktas - drives grandega - enormous kamionisto - truck driver kamiono - truck pos - after patro - father
posdimezo - afternoon
soldato - soldier
vespero - evening
ipsa - self
lito - bed
milito - war
nokto - night
od/o - or
pri - about
dum - during/throughout sen - without
Mea Patro
Mea patro esis soldato dum la milito. En la armeo ilu lernis pri automobili e kamioni. Ilu konduktis kamioni. Pos la milito ilu divenis kamionisto. Ilu nun konduktas grandega kamioni. Ilu konduktas dum la matino e dum la posdimezo. Ofte ilu konduktas kamioni dum la vespero e la nokto sen dormar. Kande me esis puero me ofte iris kun ilu en la kamiono. Ni vizitis multa urbi. Dum la nokto ni dormis sur lito en la kamiono od en dormeyo por kamionisti. Me ipsa ne konduktas automobilo. Me esas/es tro yuna. Me havas biciklo.
Vortaro
aparas - appears brilas - shines ca - this dop - behind desaparas - disappears horizonto - horizon jorno - day kantas - sings kolda - cold kovrilo - blanket/cover lana - woollen luno - moon nepluse - no longer plura - several
Exempli
What is here? - Quo esas/es hike?
Who lives here? - Qua habitas hike?
Where is my bed? - Ube mea lito esas?
Where is your cat? - Ube vua kato es?
What is in the truck? - Quo esas/es en la kamiono?