The main means of implementing state policy in the area of military security, protection of territorial integrity and border of the Russian Federation in the Arctic are the following:
—the creation of an active, functioning system of coastal security within the Federal Security Service (FSB) in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, and an increase in the effectiveness of cooperation with the border guard of neighboring states on the issues of maritime terrorism, contraband, illegal migration, and the protection of sea-based resources;
—the development of border infrastructure along the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, and re-equipment of its border guard;
—the creation of an administrative system dealing with the maritime situation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, and strengthening of governmental control over economic activity in the Russian Arctic zone.
c)in the area of ecological security, it is necessary to do the following:
—to guarantee the preservation of biological diversity of Arctic flora and fauna, partially by expanding the network of natural preserves, in order to preserve the Arctic ecosystem in the face of expanding economic and industrial activities and climate change;
—to utilize nuclear-powered vessels during their established periods of operation.
The main means for implementing official state policy in the area of ecological security in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are:
—the establishment of special rules for the exploitation of natural resources and environmental protection, including the monitoring of pollution, in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation;
—the re-cultivation of natural landscapes, the utilization of toxic waste abatement, and the establishment of biochemical safeguards, especially in densely-populated areas.
d)in the area of informational technology, it is necessary:
—to introduce modern information and telecommunication technology (including mobile) for the purposes of broadcasting, navigation (both of sea vessels and airplanes), remote sensing of the Earth, monitoring the glacial layer, as well as hydro-meteorological and hydrographic provisions and systems for scientific research;
—to create a reliable system for navigation, hydro-meteorological and informational services, guaranteeing effective control over economic, military, and ecologic activity in the Arctic, as well as predicting catastrophic situations, mitigating damage in case of their occurrence, partially by utilizing the global satellite navigation system GLONASS.
The main means for implementing official state policy in the area of information technology and communication in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation must be directed towards production and mass usage of innovative technologies, including cosmic means and multi-process universal networks.
e)in the area of science and technology, it is necessary:
—to introduce innovative technologies, including those used for clearing the territories of islands, coastal zones, and the waters of the Arctic from anthropogenic pollution, as well as to develop materials and products suitable for the environmental conditions of the Arctic;
—to guarantee the creation of a government program for naval research, overseeing deepwater and hydronautics, to include technical instruments suitable for conducting polar research.
The main means for implementing official state policy in the area of scientific research in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are:
—establishing long-term perspectives and trends for various types of activity in the Arctic;
—studying dangerous and hazardous natural occurrences in the region, as well as developing and implementing innovative technologies and methods to predict the changing climate;
—forecasting and analyzing the consequences of global climate change taking place in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation due to naturally-occurring factors, over the medium and long term, in the middle-term and long-term perspectives, including on the stability of infrastructure;
—conducting research on the history, culture, and economics of the region, as well as law enforcement activity in the Arctic;
—studying the effects of hazardous factors on the health of residents, the establishment of standards for medical care of the Arctic population, and the creation of a set of measures aimed at improving the wellbeing of the ecosystem and local residents.
9.The solution to the main tasks of official Russian state policy in the Arctic is implemented through strategic planning for the socioeconomic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, and providing for Russian national security:
a)the development and implementation of a strategy for the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation aimed at protecting national security;
b)the creation of a monitoring system, including through the improvement of informational and statistical observation, for tracking potential national security threats in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation;
c)the preparation of normative legal assessments to clarify the geographic boundaries of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, in particular its southern zone, along with a list and status of all local governmental bodies located within each zone;
d)an increase in the effectiveness of administration of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
V. MAIN MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTING OFFICIAL RUSSIAN STATE POLICY IN THE ARCTIC
10.The state policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic is carried out by the relevant federal organs of the executive branch, governmental organs of the Russian Federation, organs of local authorities, and commercial and non-commercial organizations active within the public-private partnership framework, as well as within the framework of Russian cooperation with other states and international organizations, including:
a)improvement, taking into consideration the national interests of Russia and the specific character of the region, of legislation in the areas of socioeconomic development, environmental protection, military security, border protection, scientific research and international cooperation in the Arctic on the basis of international legal norms and the Russian Federation’s international responsibilities;
b)development and implementation of special programs, financed by the various levels of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation and other extra-budgetary sources;
c)introduction of strategies aimed at developing territorial planning schemes and socioeconomic development programs for subjects of the Russian Federation;
d)elaboration by the means of mass media of questions dealing with the national interests of the Russian Federation in the Arctic, including organizing exhibitions, conferences, “roundtable” meetings dedicated to Russian explorers of the Arctic, all with the aim of creating a positive image of Russia;
e)organization of systematic monitoring and analysis of Russian state policy implementation in the Arctic.
VI. IMPLEMENTATION OF RUSSIAN STATE POLICY IN THE ARCTIC
11.Current principles will be achieved in several steps:
a)during the first stage (2008–2010), the following must be accomplished:
—conducting geologic, geophysical, hydrographic, cartographic, and other research for the purpose of preparing materials for delineating the border of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation;
—expansion of possibilities for international cooperation, partially for effective utilization of natural resources of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation;
—realization of goal-based programs, financed by means of various budgets of the Russian Federation as well as extra-budgetary sources, including the creation of a government program dedicated to developing the Arctic zone until the year 2020, within which high-tech energy production and fishing clusters, as well as special economic zones, will be created;
—realization of promising public-private sector investment projects related to the strategic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.