4. My information comes from Rellix Krolokowski, ’Erinnerungen: Kommunistische Schülerbewegung in der Weimarer Republik’, a texte which I was given, possibly by the author, during a visit to Leipzig in 1996.
5. Kommunistische Pennäler Fraktion (’Pennäler’=secondary-schoolstudents, from schoolboy slang ’Penne’=secondary school).
6. Tagebuch, 17 March 1935.
6. On the Island
1. Tagebuch, 8–11 November 1934. Much of this chapter is based on the material in this diary, which I kept from 10 April 1934 to 9 January 1936.
Tagebuch, 16 June 1935 and 17 August 1935.
3. see the social analysis of the British jazz-lovers in my The Jazz Scene (London, 1959; New York, 1933).
4. Josef Skvorecky, The Bass Saxophone (London, 1978).
5. Luckily for them, my first attempt to contact a Party branch, somewhere on the outskirts of Croydon, discovered from advertissements in the Daily Worker, had been abortive, I happened to land on a small group of critical comrades who listened with interest to my account of the last Party demonstration in Berlin, but insisted that the triumph of Hitler indicated errors by the KPD or perhaps even the Comintern. I could not answer them, but felt that being recruited to a unit criticizing the generals might not be the best may of rejoining the army of the world revolution. Not that the 5,000 or so British communists were much of an army compared to the German Communist Party of 1932.
6. Tagebuch, 4 June 1935: “Today I happen to look at Mama’s 1929 letters to me. She calls me. “darling”. I am astonished and vaguely disturbed that it is so long since anyone called me that, and try to imagine how it would be today if someone used the world.’
7. Tagebuch, 12 July 1935.
8. Louise London, Whitehall and the Jews 1933–1948: British Immigration Policy and the Holocaust (Cambridge, 2001), cited in Neal Ascherson, “The Remains of der ’tag, New York Review of Books, 29 March 2001, p. 44.
7. Cambridge
1. Michael Straight, After Long Silence (London, 1983).
2. E. Hobsbawn and T. H. Ranger (eds), The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge University Press, in the ’Past & Present’ Series, 1983). The book has remained in print since the original publication.
3. I am quoting what I wrote in 1937 about the celebrated English don George (’Dadie’) Rylands (Granta, 10 November 1937).
4. T. E. B. Howarth, Cambridge Between the Wars (London, 1978), p. 172.
5. Financial Times, The Business weekend magazine, 4 March 2000, p. 18.
6. I recorded this figure in ’Cambridge Cameo: Ties with the Past: Ryder and Amies’ by E.J.H. and J.H.D. (my friend Jack Dodd) in Granta, 26 May 1937.
7. My description of a Sheppard lecture in 1937 is quoted in Howarth, op. cit., p. 162.
8. E.J.H., ’Professor Trevelyan Lectures’, Granta, 17 October 1937.
H. S. Ferns, Reading from Left to Right: One Man’s Political History , Foreword by Malcolm Muggeridg (University of Toronto Press, 1983),p. 114.
8. Against Fascism and War
1. Cambridge University Club Bulletin, 18 October 1938.
2. ’The membership of the CUSC is still not much aver 450’, Weekly Bulletin of the Cambridge University Socialist Club No, 2, Autumn term 1936 (duplicated).
3. Spain Week Bulletin No, 1, n.d. (October 1938).
4. H. S. Ferns, Reading from Left to Right: One Man’s Political History , Foreword by Malcolm Muggeridg (University of Toronto Press, 1983), p. 116.
5. CUSC Weekly Bulletin, 25 May 1937.
6. CUSC Faculty and Study Groups Bulletin, Lent Term, 1939.
7. Eric Hobsbawm, ’In Defence of the Thirties’ in Jim Philip, John Simpson and Nicholas Snowman (eds), The Best of Granta 1889–1966 (London, 1967), p. 119.
H. S. Ferns, op.cit., p. 113.
9. Yuri Modin, My Five Cambridge Friends (London, 1994), pp. 100–101.
9. Being Communist
1. Alessandro Bellassai, ’II caffé dell’ Unita. Pubblico e Privato nella Famiglia Comunista degli anni 50’, Societa e Storia XXII, No. 84, 1999, pp. 327–8.
2. Anthony Read and David Fisher, Operation Lucy: Most Secret Spy Ring of the Second World War (London, 1980), pp. 204–5.
3. Theodor Prager, Zwischen London und Moskaw: Bekenntnisse eines Revisionisten (Vienne, 1975), pp. 56–7.
4. B. J. Hobsbawm, Primitive Rebels (Manchester, 1959), pp. 60–62.
5. Julius Braunthal, In Search of the Millennium (London, 1945), p. 39.
6. Agnes Heller, Der Affe auf dem Fahread (Berlin-Vienna, 1999), pp. 91–2.
7. How scarce real information in these fields was before the Cold War and how sceptically it was received by the eminent medieval numismatist who compiled it can be seen from Philip Grierson, Books on Soviet Russia 1917–1942: A Bibliography and a Guide to Reading (London, 1943).
8. Quoted in P. Malvezzi and G. Pirelli (eds), Lettere di Gondonnati a Morte della Resistenza Europea (Turh, 1954), p. 250. The name as transcribed in the book. ’Feuerlich’ should probahly be ’Feuerlicht’.
9. Zdenek Mlynar, Postscript to leopold Spira, Kommunismus Adieu: Eine ideologische Autobiographie (Vienna, 1992), p. 158.
10. Fritz Klein, Drinnen und Draussen: Ein Historiker in der D D R Erinnerungen (Frankfurt-am-Main, 2000), pp. 169–213.
11. Charles S. Maier, Dissolution: The Crisis of Communism and the End of East Germany (Princeton, 1997), p. 20.
12. Ibid., pp. 128–9.
10. War
1. Ian Kershaw, Hitler (London, 2001), vol. II, p. 302.
2. Ibid., p. 298.
3. Theodor Prager, Zwischen London und Moskaw: Bekenntnisse eines Revisionisten (Vienna, 1975), p. 59.
4. Joseph R. Starobin, American Communism in Crisis, 1943–1957 (Cambridge, MA, 1972), p. 55.
11. Cold War
1. Peter Hennessy, The Secret State: Whitehall and the Cold War (London, 2002), chapter 1.
2. In any case, if any such problem impinged on British immediately, it was not Soviet but American behaviour, namely the ruthless terms on which Washington made dependent the grant of its 1946 loan to Britain. (See R. Skidelsky, Keynes, vol. III.
3. It included Bernard Floud, who was later hounded into suicide as a suspected spy or recruiter of Soviet spies by the security services. (He was found dead by his son, Roderick Floud, an economic historian who later became my colleague at Birkbeck, and is now head of the London Guildhall University.) Ironically, as he told me, the CP functionary David Springhall had once tried to recruit him as an agent, and he had told him he had no authority to do so. In any case it is unlikely that a man who attended Party branch meeting after the war was engaged in the kind of activity which usually implied breaking contact with the Party.
4. On the day in August 1947 I went there I estimated the number of travellers to the ’green frontier’ at c. 500, of travellers back at c. 7–800. There were then three trains a day.