The small shrine of Apollo Ktistes (“the Founder”), situated south of the altar of Apollo, was restored between 176 and 180, according to its inscription, by Claudius Jason Magnus, then eponymous priest.[1452] The temple of Apollo Nymphagetes, west of this, was re-erected by Tiberius Claudius Battus under M. Aurelius, in the governorship of Numisius Marcellinus;[1453] the temple of Isis, south-west of the Temple of Apollo, on the other hand, was built by Hadrian, according to an unpublished inscription,[1454] and rebuilt under M. Aurelius by Battus according to the inscription cut on one of the columns of its fagade.[1455]
The pool before the Spring of Apollo was purified in the year 68, as recorded by the inscription on its floor.[1456] Near this inscription is a second, later in date, stylistically of the late 2nd century or the beginning of the 3rd; it apparently records another purification performed by one P[o]plius Serapion.[1457] The spring to the east of the triclinium near the spring is sheltered by a portico of cippolino columns with Corinthian capitals resembling those of the frigida-rium of the baths in the later 2nd century. Outside and near the triclinium is a 3rd-century inscription referring to the restoration of the sacred place (νηό[ν]) by the priest Poplios.
The theatre at the west end of the Sanctuary was probably first built in the 5th century B.C. in timber, and subsequently rebuilt in stone not before the 4th.[1458] In its present form it is an amphitheatre with circular arena, but with a rockcut auditorium (cavea) which encloses less than half the arena on the south. The corniced stone seats bear letters of 3rd-century A.D. style, but the masons’ marks incised on the eastern entrance building are characteristic of the 2nd century, and it would therefore seem that the structure was repaired and converted to an amphitheatre after the Jewish revolt, but not completed before the 3rd century.
The American excavations carried out on the Acropolis hill of the city south of the Sanctuary found Roman, hellenistic and also older buildings, but the account[1459] does not mention indications that can be linked with destruction during the revolt. The Roman tiles then found, however, included one stamped with the letters Ἀλεξ[ —.[1460] The same stamp also appeared on tiles used to rebuild the baths at the end of the 2nd century A.D.,[1461] hence it becomes possible that reconstruction was also carried out in the Acropolis area after the years 115-117.
The Agora. The Temple of Apollo (previously thought to have been that of Demeter) to the north of the western entrance of the Agora, where the main street connecting it with the Acropolis entered, was built in the 4th century B.C. to replace an earlier archaic temenos. It was prolonged eastward by a pronaos in the 2nd century A.D.[1462] The record of the finding of statues of Antoninus Pius and M. Aurelius in this building[1463] would support that this addition was made not later than in the reign of the former emperor. Damage during the revolt may therefore be suspected, but is not proven. The west portico of the Agora to north of the temple, last rebuilt under Trajan, was again reconstructed after the revolt.[1464]
The Augusteium at the north-west corner of the Agora was at this period rebuilt with an internal wall dividing it into pronaos and cella, and the flanking intercolumniations were filled in by walls.[1465] The two porticoes composing the northern limit of the Agora, — the larger and more imposing of which, a hellenistic structure,[1466] was later dedicated to Zeus Soter, Rome, and Augustus, suffered damage between 115 and 117, and were subsequently rebuilt,[1467] the latter’s internal portico then receiving new columns. Evidence was also found for the restoration of the balustrades between the columns, and of the strengthening of the west wall of the terrace, where coins indicated that the work was carried out in the reign of Antoninus Pius or a little later. On the east side of the square the Claudian shrine (E5) of Opheles south of the site of what is believed to have been the tomb of Battus the Founder, was also destroyed at this time and subsequently rebuilt.[1468] Cover-tiles (καλυπτήρες) found in the structure were stamped with the letter ‘A’, also found on circular suspensnrae associated with the Hadrianic restoration of the baths in the Sanctuary.[1469] The heroon covering the tomb to north likewise met its end at Jewish hands, and was never rehabilitated.
A series of smaller monuments was ranged along the east-west line dividing the northern from the southern part of the Agora. One of these was a small tetrastyle shrine of the Roman period, which embodied in its lower part a long marble base of hellenistic date. The monument which had stood on this was found serving as the base of the statue group in the Temple of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius on the south edge of the Agora. The Roman tetrastyle shrine from whose site it had come, therefore, suffered heavily in the Jewish revolt.[1470]
Along the south side of the Agora extended a row of public buildings, including the city’s Prytaneum, and to its west, a shrine with a high podium, formerly called, apparently with insufficient justification, the Capitol.[1471] The structure of the Prytaneum was partly restored in the Roman period with blocks of yellow limestone of the sort very common in Cyrene in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. Simultaneously its northern facade received Corinthian columns with capitals characteristic of the post-revolt period.[1472] The shrine to its west (the “Capitol”) contains a base upon which originally stood the statues of Zeus and Hera, which were found here;[1473] it bore a Greek inscription[1474] dedicated to the emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius in the year 138, by “the city adorned by him (i.e. Antoninus) with images”.[1475] The reconstruction of the two above buildings after the Jews had destroyed them is confirmed by J. B. Ward-Perkins and M. H. Ballance.[1476]
The Nomophylakion was also burnt and destroyed at some date, and Goodchild[1477] ascribed the event to the Jewish rebellion, but it should be observed that inscriptions of the Augustan period had been inserted into the building’s interior pilasters, which were erected after the conflagration.
1471
Mingazzini disputes the building’s identification with the Capitol — see