* Not the present Hagia Sophia which was consecrated in 537, but a rebuilding of 404 of Constantine’s fourth-century church. It was in this building that the marriage of Justinian and Theodora took place in 525
** The Head of the Senate: in Westminster terms, something between the Speaker and the Father of the House.
* Northern Sudan.
* AD 496. See Prologue.
** Agentes in rebus (a catch-all title) were imperial agents with wide-ranging executive or inspectorial powers, covering anything from diplomacy to spying.
* The state records were housed in an extraordinary complex — beneath the arches supporting the stands of the Hippodrome! In Rome, a similar ‘World-below-the-Arches’ was the milieu of a colourful under-class: entertainers, snack-vendors, jugglers, prostitutes, pimps et al.
FOUR
She was extremely clever, and had a biting wit, and she soon became popular
as a result
Seated in Cyrene’s theatre beside her ‘patron’ — Hecebolus, governor of Libya Pentapolis — Theodora was hot, bored, and uncomfortable. The parasol held above her head by a slave was scant protection against the fierce African sun, as was the silk cushion against the hardness of the marble tier. And the play — Antony and Cleopatra, penned by an influential friend of Hecebolus with literary ambitions, which the governor was paying to produce, was unbelievably tedious, portraying Antony (who in real life, as everyone knew, was a loveable hedonist) as a stage villain of the deepest dye, who must be brought low for the crime of heaping disgrace upon the name of Rome.
As Cleopatra opened the basket containing the asp (actually a harmless tree-snake) preparatory to holding it to her bosom, the creature escaped. In the ensuing hiatus, while stage menials rushed around the orchestra in a futile search for the offending reptile, Theodora let her mind drift back fifteen years to when she was a child of five, the daughter of Akakios, a bear-keeper in Constantinople’s Hippodrome. .
The world of the Hippodrome into which she was born was unbelievably tough, where survival depended on courage, adaptability, quick wits, and shrewd judgement. Yet, though hard, it was an exciting and colourful world, populated by barkers, hawkers, dancers, strolling players, acrobats, sneak-thieves, clowns, pimps, and prostitutes — all operating under licence from the minions of the two circus factions, the Blues and the Greens, who managed the day-to-day business of the place. At least her father’s job as animal-trainer gave his family security, until, in Theodora’s sixth year, Akakios’ sudden death plunged them into destitution. Rapidly re-marrying (or at least securing a live-in partner to provide a bread-winner for her family), the mother pleaded with Asterius, the manager of the Greens, to give her late husband’s job to her (unfortunately unemployed) new partner. But she was too late; Asterius, on payment of a bribe, had already given the job to another.
With an initiative born of desperation, the mother, in a direct appeal to the ordinary members of the Greens for help in their extremity, appeared on a race day before a packed crowd in the Hippodrome, driving her three small daughters before her, their little heads crowned with chaplets of flowers, their hands held up in supplication. Never would Theodora forget her feelings of desperation and bewilderment when the Greens reacted to their appeal by bursting into roars of derisive laughter. Then, as in a state of utter humiliation and distress, mother and daughters were hurrying towards the exit, the Blues called for them to stop. The Blues’ manager then assured them he would find a job for the girls’ stepfather. No doubt the gesture was made as much from a desire to score points against their rivals, the Greens, as from compassion. But Theodora never forgot that act of spontaneous generosity, and thereafter was the Blues’ most ardent supporter, and the Greens’ bitterest enemy.
The family’s security once more established, Theodora’s elder sister, Comito, began from the age of fifteen to make a contribution to its income, by appearing as an actress on the stage, accompanied by the twelve-year-old Theodora as her dresser. In no time, Theodora’s impish humour and gift for mimicry was convulsing audiences, and providing serious competition for the older sister. Soon, Theodora was given minor parts of her own; by sixteen, she had left Comito behind and was fast becoming the star of the theatre in her own right.
The downside of success on the stage was that actresses were equated with prostitutes, thereby consigned to the lowest rung of the social ladder and legally forbidden to marry anyone of high rank. Indeed, at times when acting parts were hard to come by, Theodora was forced to sell her body — never a problem, as she had developed into a ravishingly beautiful, petite young woman, with huge dark eyes in an oval face, and possessed of a vivacious charm. She regarded such liaisons as purely business transactions, undertaken from necessity and performed without emotion.
One day, a celebrated troupe of female dancers from Antioch arrived in the capital. Booked for one night only at the same theatre where Theodora was playing, their sensuous, exotic performance received tumultuous applause. As the troupe was exiting, one of the girls — a handsome brunette a few years older than Theodora — noticing the latter waiting in the wings prior to her act, signalled Theodora to join her on the stage. Puzzled yet intrigued, Theodora complied, whereupon the other, taking her by the hand, began to lead her in a dance. Theodora, who, apart from that one occasion when her mother had pleaded with the Greens in the Hippodrome, had never been embarrassed in her life, reacted with unwonted shyness. No dancer, she responded stiffly at first to the other’s guiding steps. Then, some quality of warmth or empathy — and something else she was unable to define — communicated itself. Suddenly she seemed to lose her inhibitions, and found herself moving with her partner in perfect synchrony. Faster and more abandoned grew the evolutions of the dance; Theodora began to experience a strange sense of arousal, something she had never felt before, accompanied by a warmth spreading through her loins. As the dance reached its climax, her eyes met the other girl’s. Mutual desire flashed suddenly between them, and Theodora found herself reciprocating as her partner’s eager face bent forward to approach her own. Next moment, their mouths were locking in a passionate kiss. Shaken to the core, her heart pounding madly, Theodora fled the stage, her mind in turmoil, while the theatre erupted in wild applause, mingled with ribald cheers and laughter. .
The memory of that strange happening was slow to fade, causing Theodora at times to feel restless and filled with vague longings. Reluctantly, she put the incident to the back of her mind. It was the male sex who ran the world, she told herself; only through relationships with men could she hope to make her way in that world. A bleakly cynical philosophy? Perhaps, but one that seemed to have paid off handsomely when, one night after her turn in the theatre, she received a message in her dressing-room. If she could spare the time, a gentleman would like to meet her.
This turned out to be one Gaius Sempronius Hecebolus, newly appointed governor of the Pentapolis. Bombastic, middle-aged, and paunchy, Hecebolus professed to be greatly impressed by Theodora’s talents. He would be honoured if she were prepared to accompany him to Cyrene, to act as hostess for the social events over which he would be expected to preside. Cyrene, home of Eratosthenes, the great mathematician who had measured the earth’s circumference, had a theatre, one of the oldest and finest in the Empire. If she wished, an opening for her to display her gifts, could be found on its stage.
Theodora had no illusions as to the bargain being proposed. In return for a life of ease and status as a ‘governor’s lady’, she would become a courtesan. As for a role in the theatre, that was never going to happen; the social code would not permit a high-ranking official to be openly associated with an actress.