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and of his son Tri

ś

iras

Vi

ś

v

ā

vasu

Beneficent to everyone; a Gandharva

Vi

ś

ve Devas

The All-gods

Vivasvat

Irradiant, Brilliant One; the Sun, one of the

Ā

dityas

Voice

V

ā

c

Vraja

V

nd

ā

vana; the forest where K

a would meet the

gopīs

, near Mathur

ā

vrata

Way of life, vow

vrāta

Band, fraternity, group of initiates

vrātya

Member of a wandering band (

vrāta

) bound by a vow,

vrata

V

ddhak

atra

Father of Jayadratha

Vrnd

ā

vana

Forest where K

a and R

ā

dh

ā

pleasure each other; there is a celestial V

nd

ā

vana and a terrestial V

nd

ā

vana, also known as Vraja, near Mathur

ā

V

is

The people of K

a

V

tra

Obstruction, obstacle; his mother is Danu; alternatively, born from the dregs of the

soma

Indra drank

Vy

ā

sa

Son of Satyavat

ī

and Par

ā

ś

ara, natural father of P

ā

u, Dh

tar

ā

t

a, and Vidura; according to tradition, he arranged the texts of the

g Veda and was author of the

Mahābhārata

Wagner

Richard Wagner, 1813–1883

Waters

Ā

pa

White Horse

Uccai

ś

ravas, one of the

ratnas

, “gems,” that appeared during the churning of the ocean

Wind

V

ā

yu

Wittgenstein

Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1889–1951

Wolf’s Belly

V

kodara; epithet of Bh

ī

ma

Word

V

ā

c

ya evaṃ veda

“He who knows thus,” a recurring formula in the Br

ā

hma

as and the Upani

ads

yajña

Sacrifice

Y

ā

jñavalkya

A

ṛṣi

, named at the end of the fourteenth book of the

Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

as author of the whole work

Yak

a

Mysterious; genie, demon; the word appears in the

Jaiminīya Brāhmaṇa

, 3.203, where it means “prodigious element or being”; all Hindu divinities, and the Buddha, are occasionally referred to as Yak

as

Yama

Twin; son of Vivasvat and Sara

y

ū

, twin brother of Yam

ī

, king of the dead

Yam

ī

Twin; daughter of Vivasvat and Sara

y

ū

, twin sister of Yama

Yamun

ā

Sacred river, daughter of Vivasvat; in symbolic relationship with Ga

g

ā

as the Sun is to the Moon

Ya

ś

od

ā

Adoptive mother of K

a

Year

Sa

vatsara

Yogarāsiṣṭha

A poem of around twenty-eight thousand

ślokas

, “stanzas,” probably composed in Kashmir between the eighth and thirteenth centuries

A.D.

yojana

A unit of length, corresponding to about fifteen kilometers

yoni

Vagina, womb, spring

Yudhi

hira

The eldest of the P

ā

avas, born of the union between Dharma and Kunt

ī

, first wife of P

ā

u, his putative father

yuga

Aeon

yūpa

Pole to which sacrificial victims are tied

Zodiac

Celestial band corresponding to the ecliptic

Akṣamālā

As in an akṣamālā a necklace of “nuts,” or akṣas, which were used for playing and sometimes likened to akṣaras, “syllables,” I string together here some of the names of those who helped this book to become what it is:

V. S. Agrawala; A. H. Anquetil-Duperron; André Bareau; Émile Benveniste; Abel Bergaigne; Madeleine Biardeau; Maurice Bloomfield; H. W. Bodewitz; J. F. K. Bosch; W. Norman Brown; J. A. B. van Buitenen; Eugéne Burnout: Wilhelm Caland; Jarl Charpentier; A. K. Coomaraswamy; Alain Daniélou; René Daumal; Hertha von Dechend; Joachim Deppert; Paul Deussen; Wendy Doniger; Georges Dumézil; Louis Dumont; P.-E. Dumont; Julius Eggeling; Robert Eisler; Harry Falk; Maryla Falk; Alfred Foucher; K. F. Geldner; Raniero Gnoli; Jan Gonda; René Guénon; Hermann Güntert; J. W. Hauer; J. C. Heesterman; G. J. Held; Victor Henry; Alfred Hillebrandt; Karl Hoffmann; E. W. Hopkins; Hermann Jacobi; K. F. Johansson; P. V. Kane; A. B. Keith; Willibald Kirfel; Stella Kramrisch; Hertha Krick; F. B. J. Kuiper; Sylvain Lévi; Heinrich Lüders; A. A. Macdonell; Charles Malamoud; Marcel Mauss: Manfred Mayrhofer; Armand Minard; J. E. Mitchiner; Max Müller; Paul Mus; Boris Oguibenine; Hermann Oldenberg; Jean Przyluski; Walpola Rahula; Wilhelm Rau; Louis Renou; Claudio Rugafiori; Giorgio de Santillana; Leopold von Schroeder; Émile Senart; D. D. Shulman; Lilian Silburn; Frits Staal; Theodor Stcherbatsky; Heinrich von Stietencron; Paul Thieme; Edward Thomas; L. B. G. Tilak; Jean Varenne; R. G. Wasson; W. D. Whitney; Stig Wikander; Moritz Winternitz; Michael Witzel; Heinrich Zimmer Jr.; Heinrich Zimmer Sr.

Roberto Donatoni and Giovanna Ghidetti have looked after the text from start to finish, watching over every detail.

They all have my deep gratitude.

Illustration credits

Jacket painting: Illustration from a Viṣṇu Avatāra series,

Bikaner

Frontispiece: Paullinus a S. Bartholomeo, Systema

Brahmanicum, Romae, 1791, frontispiece

Chapter I: Die Grundworte des indischen Monismus ous

den Upanishads des Veda, translated by P. Deussen,

illustration designed by E. Schneidler, Jena, 1914,

page 7

Chapter II: L. Renou, J. Filliozat, L’Inde classique,

vol. I, Paris, 1947, page 351, from G. Thiabut, Journal