17 The Council of People’s Commissars only ordered mass mobilisation on 2 July (Gouré, The Siege of Leningrad, p. 38).
18 Gouré, The Siege of Leningrad, p. 22; Salisbury, The 900 Days, p. 168.
19 Adamovich and Granin, A Book of the Blockade, pp. 237–8.
20 Dmitri Likhachev, Reflections on the Russian Souclass="underline" A Memoir, p. 220.
21 Adamovich and Granin, A Book of the Blockade, p. 229.
22 Throughout the Stalin period, temporarily moving elsewhere was a surprisingly effective way of avoiding the local security services, who were often more concerned with filling their quotas than with exactly who they put behind bars. Lidiya Chukovskaya, friend and amanuensis of Anna Akhmatova, escaped the purges of 1937 simply by moving to Kiev to live with her parents-in-law. ‘You are like a glass which has rolled under a bench during an explosion in a china shop,’ said Akhmatova.
23 Alexander Werth, Russia at War, 1941–1945, pp. 162–7.
24 Ibid., p. 184.
25 Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva, Avtobiograficheskiye zapiski: Leningrad v blokade, p. 250.
26 David Glantz, The Battle for Leningrad 1941–1944, pp. 30–31.
27 Eino Luukkanen, Fighter over Finland, p. 116; Salisbury, The 900 Days, p. 106.
28 RGVA: Fond 32904, op. 1, delo 81, p. 28. Notes to Pages 41–52
29 Glantz, The Battle for Leningrad, pp. 35, 37.
30 Yelena Kochina, Blockade Diary, pp. 35–6, 3 and 9 July 1941; Ginzburg, Chelovek na pismennym stolom, p. 4.
31 Antony Beevor and Lyuba Vinogradova, eds, A Writer at War: Vasily Grossman with the Red Army 1941–1945, p. 9; Gouré, The Siege of Leningrad, p. 68.
32 Skrjabina, Siege and Survival, pp. 13–15.
33 Interviewed by the author, St Petersburg, September 2008.
34 RGVA: Fond 32904, op. 1, delo 79, pp. 58, 86.
35 Beevor and Vinogradova, eds, A Writer at War, p. 41.
36 RGASPI: Fond 77, op. 4, delo 48, pp. 11–20.
37 Charles Burdick and Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, eds, Franz Halder, The Halder War Diary, 1939–1942, pp. 445–6, 3 July 1941.
38 Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar, p. 328; Richard Overy, Russia’s War, p. 81; Salisbury, The 900 Days, p. 105.
39 TsAMO: Fond 96a, op. 1711, delo 24, pp. 24–5. Also quoted by Glantz, The Battle for Leningrad, pp. 42–3.
40 See for example the 9th Pskov NKVD Border Detachment on 3 July 1941. RGVA: Fond 32904, op. 1, delo 79, p. 88.
41 Sebag Montefiore, Stalin, p. 338; Geoffrey Jukes in Harold Shukman, ed., Stalin’s Generals, p. 129.
42 Shukman, ed., Stalin’s Generals, pp. 313, 320. General Alan Brooke, Britain’s Chief of Imperial General Staff, sat next to Voroshilov at dinner during the Moscow Conference of August 1942. He reckoned him ‘a fine hearty old soul, willing to talk about anything with great vivacity’, but with the military expertise of a ‘child’.
43 Salisbury, The 900 Days, pp. 112, 282, 322, 404. See also Evan Mawdsley, Thunder in the East: The Nazi-Soviet War 1941–1945, p. 450.
44 Burdick and Jacobsen, eds, Franz Halder, The Halder War Diary, pp. 458–9, 446–7.
1 Nikita Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 30, p. 161; Alexander Werth, Russia at War, 1941–1945, pp. 179, 241, 399; Leon Gouré, The Siege of Leningrad, pp. 68–70.
2 Lidiya Osipova, 15 July and 13 August 1941, in Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, pp. 442–3.
3 Georgi Knyazev, in Ales Adamovich and Daniil Granin, A Book of the Blockade, p. 261; Andrei Dzeniskevich, ‘The Social and Political Situation in Leningrad in the First Months of the German Invasion: The Psychology of the Workers’, in Robert Thurston and Bernd Bonwetsch, eds, The People’s War: Responses to World War II in the Soviet Union, p. 73; Igor Kruglyakov, interviewed by Dr Lyuba Vinogradova, Moscow, January 2007. Notes to Pages 52–64
4 Irina Reznikova (Flige), ‘Repressii v period blokady Leningrada’, Vestnik ‘Memoriala’ 4/5 (10/11), p. 96; Gouré, The Siege of Leningrad, p. 71.
5 Dmitri Likhachev, Reflections on the Russian Souclass="underline" A Memoir, p. 222; Yelena Skrjabina, Siege and Survivaclass="underline" The Odyssey of a Leningrader, p. 21. See also Dmitri Lazarev, in Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Muzeya Istorii Sankt-Peterburga, vol. 5, p. 195.
6 Yelena Kochina, Blockade Diary, p. 33 (June 1941).
7 Georgi Knyazev, 20 July 1941, in Adamovich and Granin, A Book of the Blockade, p. 256.
8 Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva, Avtobiograficheskiye zapiski: Leningrad v blokade, pp. 250–51.
9 Gatchina had officially been renamed Krasnogvardeisk, or ‘Red Guard-ville’, but the old name was more commonly used.
10 David Glantz, The Battle for Leningrad 1941–1944, p. 38.
11 Olga Grechina, in Cynthia Simmons and Nina Perlina, Writing the Siege of Leningrad: Women’s Diaries, Memoirs and Documentary Prose, p. 107.
12 Olga Grechina, ‘Spasayus spasaya chast 1: pogibelnaya zima (1941–1942 gg.)’, Neva, 1, 1994, pp. 220–21.
13 Kochina, Blockade Diary, p. 34.
14 Skrjabina, Siege and Survival, pp. 12–13, 21 (8 July and 12 August 1941).
15 Rimma Neratova, ‘Zhizn v Leningradskoi blokade’, Zvezda (1996), pp. 18–28.
16 Charles von Luttichau, quoted in Glantz, The Battle for Leningrad 1941–1944, p. 41; General Blumentritt, quoted in Basil Liddell Hart, The Other Side of the Hilclass="underline" Germany’s Generals, Their Rise and Fall, p. 187.
17 Glantz, The Battle for Leningrad 1941–1944, pp. 44–7; Harrison Salisbury, The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad, pp. 189–90.
18 Yevgeniya Baikova, www.hermitagemuseum.org
19 Militsa Matye, www.hermitagemuseum.org
20 Knyazev, 7 and 15 July, in Adamovich and Granin, A Book of the Blockade, pp. 244–5.
21 Skrjabina, Siege and Survival, pp. 8–9 (28 June 1941).
22 Ibid., p. 15 (18 July 1941).
23 Kochina, Blockade Diary, p. 36 (10 July 1941).
24 Vasili Churkin, in Voyennaya literatura: dnevniki i pisma http://militera.lib.ru/db/churkin part 1, p. 2 (15 August 1941). Notes to Pages 65–77
25 Glantz, The Battle for Leningrad 1941–1944, p. 58; TsAMO: Fond 217, op. 1217, dela 32, 33; Nikita Lomagin, Soldiers at War: German Propaganda and Soviet Army Morale during the Battle of Leningrad, 1941—44, Carl Beck Papers, 1306, p. 11.
26 17 August 1941; RGASPI: Fond 558, op. 11, yed. khr. 492, p. 1.
27 RGASPI: Fond 558, op. 11, yed. khr. 492, p. 13.
28 Ibid., p. 20.
29 Salisbury, The 900 Days, p. 228.
30 People and freight numbers from Panteleyev, quoted in Salisbury, The 900 Days, p. 232.