Chrysippus, 7, 26o-z, 309, 316, 3i9 Church, the: authoritarianism, 88, 90,
283-4; and values, 291-2 Cicero, 3i, 117, 261 civil liberties, 6 5 class (social), 68-70, 99-Ю0 Cleanthes, 309, 316-17 Cleon, 301 Cobden, Richard, 3 8 Cocks, Joan, 36/
coercion: and deprivation of freedom, i68-7i, 173-6, 184, 210; of the weak and ignorant, 179, i86n, i97-8; and rule by reason, 193 Cohen, Gerald Allan, 3 55 Cohen, Marshall, 40n, 3 54 Cole, George Douglas Howard, i66n Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 36, 221, 238, 244, 248
Collini, Stefan, 364 Common Knowledge (ed. Perl), xxvi Communards (French), 71 Communism: rise of, 6o-1, 68, 352; totalitarianism of, 77, 198; fanaticism of, 88; on education, 342 compulsion, 196-7, 274, 284 Comte, Auguste: and impersonality of history, 19-20, 109, i 29; influence and reputation, 77, 94-5, 247, 321; on disagreement in ethics and social sciences, 8o-i; and scientific supremacy in politics, 86; Memorial Lectures, 94; character and qualities, 9;; Utopianism, I 12; and generalisations in history, 14 i, 158; belief in universal causation, 153; as founder of sociology, 161; and human benefactors, 1 6 3; on free thinking in politics, 197; Mill's attitude to, 227, 234, 242n, 247, 25 in; on harmony of theory and practice, 23on; and 'pedantocratie', 2pn; and self-determination, 278 Concepts and Categories (IB), xxv Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, marquis de: on unitary nature of values, 42, 2 I 2n, 289; liberalism, 62; on history as natural science, 95, 109, iii, 129; Utopianism, 112, 2i2n; on individual rights in ancient world, 176; Mill and, 244; Esquisse d'un tableau historique des progres de I'esprit humain, 111
conformism, 44, 239-42, 244 Conservatives, 59, 63, 66 Constant, Benjamin: quoted, 3; and State intervention, 38-9, 173; on 'sacred frontiers', p; on libeny, 171, 209-11, 283-4; and liberalism, 207; and J. S. Mill, 227; on individual rights, 318 Constitution of Athens, 301 Cornford, Francis Macdonald, po-i Cowling, Maurice, 362, 364 Craig, Edward, 364 Crates, 312, 314-16, 319 Creighton, Mandell, Bishop of London,
23-4, 138
Crick, Bernard, 35,3^5
crimes: and blame, 14-1 5
Critias, 296, 299
Cromwell, Oliver, i 15, 138
Crooked Timb'!r of Humanity, The (IB),
xxvin, jj7 Crowder, George, 359 Cumberledge, Geoffrey, xii
Cushman, John, xii Cynics, 3 i 2, 315
Darwin, Charles, 89, 142, 158, 287; The
Origin of Species, 219 Dasgupta, Panha, J 58 David and Goliath, 276 Davin, Dan, xiii Dawson, Christopher, 27n, 353 democracy: and individual liberty, 42, 176-8, 21 i; Mill mistrusts, 24o-i, 243, 25 m; in USA, 241, 284; in ancient Greece, 283, 295-6, 299, 32i; in France, 284
Demosthenes, 30D-1, 3 i 1
Denmark, 90
Descartes, Rene, 141, 287
desires: and freedom, 3 1-2, 326
despotism: and individual liberty, 49-50;
see also tyranny determinism: concept of, 4-i2, i6-i8, 29-30, n6n, i22, 124, 155; and blame, i4-i6, iii, i i6n; and historicism, 19-21, 28, 113-i4, 120, 124; and knowledge, I 39, 154, 264, 278; social, i6o-i; belief in, i6i, 257, 322-4; and search for causes, i88; and self- prediction, 265-70; and rationality, 277; Marxism and, 325; see also self- determination Dickens, Charles, 247 Dickman, Howard, 359n Diderot, Denis, 71, 243 Diogenes of Babylon (Stoic), 316 Diogenes Laertius, 23On Diogenes of Sinope (Cynic), 312, 314, 3l8-19
Disraeli, Benjamin (Earl of Beaconsfield), 246
Dodds, Eric Robertson, 317 domination, 192
Dostoevsky, Fedor Mikhailovich, 47, 66, 79, 171, 247; The Brothers Karamazov, 86, 338 n; The Devils, 71; Dyadyushkin Son ('Uncle's Dream'), 340; Zapiski iz podpol'ya ('Notes from Underground'), 343n Durham, John George Lambton, 1st Earl
of, 224 Durkheim, Emile, q8n Dworkin, Ronald, 355, 358, 359
East India Company, 224 education: and political ideals, 61-2, 195; and obedience, 195-8, 2i4, 284, 342; Mill on effects of, 242-3; as moulding, 341-2
Eichmann, Adolf, 323
Eichthal, Gustave d', 248
Einstein, Albert, 287
Eliot, Thomas Stearns: quoted, 94
empiricism: opposes impersonal forces, 27;
and the real, 123n; Mill's, 232, 238 Engels, Friedrich, 71, 85, iom, 130, 166, 230n
England: trade unions in, 84; self- confidence in, i 87n; see also Great Britain
Epictetus, 3 I, i 82n, I 86, 273-4 Epicureans, 253, 260, 306, 309-12, 320 Epicurus, 33, 189, 302-4, 311, 314, 316-18, 320
equality: and freedom, i 8on, 200
Erasmus, Desiderius, 175, 243
ethics: and determinism, 1 6; and attaining
truth, 75 Euripides, 298, 300 eviclass="underline" freedom to perform, 194 n existentialism, 162 Eyre, Edward John, 224
Fabianism, 68, 227, 229n Faguet, Emile, pn fanaticism, 345-7 Farganis, Sandra, 358 Fascism: rise of, 6o, 352 ; totalitarianism, 77; rejects old values, 79; reliance on instinct, 83; ideology, 1 58; defiance, 338; on education, 342; Maistre and, 3 50 fatalism, 1 o, 1 1 6n Festugiere, Andre Jean, 252 Feuerbach, Ludwig, 87 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 5 in, 167, 191,
195-7. 238 'Final Retrospect' (IB), xxv, xxxi Floud, Jean Esther, xxviii Foreign Affairs (journal), 3, 55n Forster, Edward Morgan, 129, 306 Fosdick, Dorothy, 354 Four Essays on Liberty (IB): literature on, xxxi, 362; publishing history, ix-x, xiii, xv-xxv
Four Freedoms, The (TV series), xxvi Fourier, Francois Charles Marie, 87, 1 12 Fox, William Johnson, 223n France: anti-clerical governments, 84; trade unions in, 84; self-confidence in, i 87П; democracy m, 284 France, Anatole, 1 1 2 Franco, General Francisco, 148 Franklin, Benjamin, 2on fraternity: and liberty, 20 1
Frederick II (the Great), King of Prussia, 116, i76n
free wilclass="underline" and determinism, 5, 7, 1 i6n, i 24-5; and Stoics, 34; and differing values, 43-4; Mill on problem of, 250 freedom see liberty