Freedom and its Betrayal (IB), xi, ^re, 349n French Revolution: as historical landmark, 61; historical representation of, 142, 144; and desire for freedom, 208 Freud, Sigmund, 74, 78, 88, 130, 158, 242, 287
Friedrich, Carl Joachim, 356 'From Hope and Fear Set Free' (IB),
xx-xxi, xxiv, xxv, 361 Fromm, Erich, 34-5 Fry, Roger, 306 Furbank, Philip Nicholas, 363
Galileo Galilei, 287
Galipeau, Claude J., 363
Gambarara, Daniele, Stefano Gensini and
Amonino Pennisi, 363n Garden of Eden see paradise Gardiner, Patrick Lancaster, 4n, 270 Garrard, Graeme, 363 Gascoigne, Bamber, xxvi Genghis Khan, 20, 131, 143, 163 Germany: trade unions in, 84; anti-
liberalism in, 167; inner freedom in, 186; political theory in, 290, 294; nationalism,
347
Geyl, Pieter, 353 Gibbon, Edward, 1 18, 1 34 Gilgamesh, epic of, 105 Gladstone, William Ewart, 84 Gnosticism, 130, 158 Gobineau, Joseph Arthur, comte de, ioo God: existence of, 75 Godwin, William, 14, 129, 306 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 244, 321 Gomme, Arnold Wycombe, 34n Goodin, Robert Edward, and Philip Pettit, 357
Gorky, Maxim, 82n
government see authonty
Gowans, Christopher W., 3 59
Gracchi, the, 1 17
Grant, Robert, 316, 358
Gray, John Nicholas, x-xin, 3 59-60, 3 62,
363
Gray, Tim, 357
Great Britain: tolerance in, 90; see also England
Greece (ancient): and individual liberty, 32-4, 176, 186, 283-4; influence on
modern liberalism, 62; social life and individualism in, 287, 294-32^ gods in,
299, 303
Green, Thomas Hill, 4in, 53, i8on, i96,
356, 362 Griffin, James P., 359 Gross, Hyman, and Ross Harrison, 362n Grotius, Hugo, 62 Gutmann, Amy, 360
Hague Court, the, 6 1 Halevy, Elie, i38
Hampshire, Stuart Newton: xvi, xxi n, 4n, 16, i8n; and determinism, Ii6n; on Spinoza, 264 n; on self-prediction, 266-7; and self-determination, 271, 277; on IB's Jewish views, 361 happiness: as product of rational organisation, I i2; increase in, i 54; compulsion to, 183; Mill's belief in, 221-3, 225-7, 237; Bentham on, 225n, 226; as alternative to freedom, 342 Hardy, Henry Robert Dugdale, 364 Hare, Richard Mervyn, 26i Harris, Ian Colin, xxxi, 357 Hart, Herbert Lionel Adolphus, xvi, 4n, 278
Hausheer, Roger N., 3 59
Hayek, Friedrich August von, loin, 35 r
Hayward, Jack, Brian Barry and Archie
Brown, 356 Hayward, Max, xxin Hazlitt, William, ix Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: and Plekhanov, i9; and historiography, 20, 56n, 99, ioi, I i2-i3, i 56; and rationalism, 1 8 8; on understanding as freedom, i 89; and controlling domination, i 92; on obedience, I 96; on social conditioning, 2o6n; and harmony of values, 2 I 3, 289; argument for war, 235; and impediments to liberty, 256; and self-determination, 277, 338; reactions to, 288; on owl of Minerva, 31 i; and Kant, 3 i 2; influence and reputation, 32i; and moral goodness, 340; on economic corrosion, 343 Heine, Heinrich, i 67 Helen of Troy, 8
Helvetius, Claude Adrien: rationalism, 20; liberalism, 62; on freedom, I 69n; on slavery to passions, i 84; belief in finality, 234, 238 Heraclitus, 32: Herakles, 3 i 2
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 20, 95, ioo, 140П, I89, j6J
Herillus, 316
Herodotus, 33, 294, 299, 3 IO Herzen, Alexander Ivanovich, 5 m, 64, 228n
'Herzen and Bakunin on Individual
Liberty' (IB), xxv heteronomy, 179, 183-4, 185, i95-6, 202n Hilbert, David, 142 Himmler, Heinrich, 23 Hippias, 298
'Historical Inevitability' (IB), xxv, 352-3 history: causality in, 5, 27-9; E. H. Carr on impersonality of, i9-20, 26; and biography, 20; and judgement, 21-5, H5-20, 125-6, 129-35, 138, i4i, 145-53, I63-4; motives and intentions in, 26-7, 98, I 59-60; and factual integrity, 55-8, 118-19, 157, i62-3; bias and objectivity in, 56, 134, 136-7, I 39-40, 145-8, i50, I 52; and growth of institutions, 56, 98-9, 128; and conflicting forces, 61; and natural laws, 95-6, 104, 108-10, i26, 139-41; and individual human behaviour, 96-8, 125; 'march of' and mission in, ioi-io, 113-15, 119, 126-8; and progress, Ii2; responsibility and choice in, i2i-6, i28, I 57; impersonal factors in, 12 5; and human imperfection, I 33-6; as science, i 39-40; generalisations in, 141-2; structure and unification in, i 56-61, 290; moral categories and concepts in, 163-5; conflicts of ideas in, 168; Tolstoy on, 290 Hitler, Adolf: judgements on, 20, 22, Ii6, 131, i38, i44, 163; nationalism, loo; dogmatism, 345; genocides, 346 Hobbes, Thomas: on determinism, 9, 1 i6n; pessimistic view of life, 6o n; on seeking security, 73; on reality as knowable, 130; on free man, I70n; on desirability of controls, I 73; on sovereigns, 210; desire for security, 243; basic ideas, 289; Leviathan, 6on Holbach, Paul Heinrich Dietrich, Baron von, i09, 278; System of Nature, i i 6 Honderich, Edgar Dawn Ross (Ted), xxvi humanitarian liberalism: doctrine of, 59, 68, 79, 185, I99n, 236-7, 239; in ancient Greece, 287, 294-321 Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 227, 244, 318 Hume, David: on fact and value, 6n, 291; on determinism, 9, i i6n; doubts final solutions, 76; and self-determination, 261; beliefs and ideas, 3 12
Hus, John, 346
Huxley, Aldous, 44, 78, 143
hypnosis, I84n
Ibsen, Henrik, 89, 243 Idealist metaphysicians, 3 7 ideas: power of, 167-8 Ignatieff, Michael, 3 6o, 3 63 imperialism, 9 I
individuaclass="underline" definition and recognition of,
201-5; social behaviour, 236 individualism see humanitarian
individualism Isaiah Berlin Literary Trust, xxxi, 364 Isocrates, 3 I I
Jacobinism, 49, 73-4, I94 n, 208 James, William, 7-8, ii, i8i Jefferson, Thomas, I73 Jellinek, Georg, 33 Jesus Christ, 23 I, 249, 346 Johnson, Samuel, I I7n Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin, xxv Joseph II, Emperor of Austria, I76n Josephus, 308