Good day! — Hao dey!
Good evening! — Hao aksham!
Good night! — Hao nocha!
Any major greetings from major languages are also acceptable:
Namastee!
Salam!
Marhaba!
Heloo!
Ola!
Hay!
Nihao!
Chao!
Sdrastvuy(te)! Sdraste!
Privet!
Haloo!
Salve!
Salut! Salud!
Many of these greetings are also used to say goodbye.
Adyoo
Goodbye! Adieu!
shwo adyoo — to say goodbye
Aa!
An exclamation of understanding, recognition:
Aa, es yu! — Ah, it's you!
Aa, me samaji. — Oh, I see.
Written with two letters for distinction from the conjunction "a" (but pronounced the same way).
Afsos!
Alas!
Ah!
Ah!
Ahaa!
Aha!
Ay!
Ouch!
Ba
Imperative particle:
Go ba dar! — Go there!
Kan ba se! — Take a look at this!
Nu go ba! — Let's go!
Ta lai ba! — Let him come!
Danke
Thank you.
Den
Accusative particle, used in the case of inverted word order:
Me chi yabla. — I am eating an apple.
Kwo yu chi? — What are you eating?
Den yabla me chi! — The apple I am eating!
Hay
May, let (wish; leave):
Hay olo bi hao! — May everything be good!
Hay forsa bi kun yu! — May the force be with you!
Hay oni shwo kwo oni yao. — Let them say what they like.
Hey!
Hey! (calling for another's attention)
Hi
An emphatic particle, emphasizing the previous word; it is pronounced with a certain stress:
Me hi zwo-te se. — It's me who did it.
Ela ve go dar hi. — It's there that she will go.
Hm
Hm, ahem.
Huraa!
Hurrah!
Fuy
1) fie, faugh
2) a prefix of distaste, disgust:
fuy-jen — a nasty, repulsive person
Kamon!
Come on!
Ku
An interrogative particle at the end of a sentence or directly after the word to which it relates:
Yu lai ku? — Will you come?
Faula ku es dar dalem, avion ku? — Is it a bird there far away, is it a plane?
Me lai, hao ku? — I shall come, OK?
Me darfi zin ku? — May I come in?
Laik
Marker of improvised image-bearing words including onomatopoeic:
Oli bakak salti inu akwa laik plah-plah-plah. — All the frogs jumped in the water with plops.
In avion me sempre sta laik muak-muak. — In a plane I always feel sick.
(The improvised word muak-muak is derived from the verb muaki).
Magari
I wish, if only:
Magari ta lai! — If only he would come!
Non
No:
Non, me bu go. — No, I am not going.
Ob
1) An interrogative particle at the beginning of a sentence
2) whether, if:
Ob ta lai? — Will he/she come?
Me bu jan ob ta lai. — I don't know whether he/she will come.
Kan, ob lu he lai. — Take a look if he has come.
Oo
1) Oh (an exclamation expressive of surprise, pain, pleasure, etc.):
Oo es ya jamile! — Oh, how beautiful!
Oo ya! — Oh yes!
2) O (marks address):
Hay fortuna go kun yu, oo Shefa de wulfas! — Good luck go with you, o Chief of the Wolves!
Written with two letters for distinction from the conjunction "o" or.
Shsh!
Hush! Sh!
Si
1) if
2) a likening particle (“sort of, similar to, something like, a kind of, as if, seemingly”)
Ta bildi un dom-si aus brancha. — He built a kind of house using branches.
Kwo lopi tra shamba? - Un maus-si. — What is running across the room? - A mouse or something.
rude-si — reddish
shi-si — about ten
Swaagat!
Welcome!
Swasti!
Good luck! May fortune favour you! Everything good to you!
Tfu!
Ptooey!
To
Optional apposition marker:
kota to kapter — cat the catcher
avion to fortesa — a plane that is also a fortress
Me to kitabnik lekti mucho. — Being a book lover, I read a lot.
Uf!
An exclamation expressing tiredness or relief, appeasement:
Uf, sey bao es grave! — Oh (gosh), this bag is heavy!
Uf, me sta fatigi-ney! — Gosh, I am tired!
Uf, pa fin me es pa dom! — Oh, at last I am at home!
Viva
Long live!
Viva unitaa de Arda! — Long live the unity of the Earth!
Walaa
Walaa nu. — Here we are.
Walaa fin. — That's all.
Wek
1) Away, off:
Wek! — Get out, go away!
Ta go-te wek. — He went away.
Ta es wek. — He is away.
2) Starting signaclass="underline"
Un, dwa, tri, wek! — One, two, three, go!
Wel
Well (interjection):
Wel, e poy? — Well, what next?
Wel, wel... me bu jan kwo shwo. — Well, well... I don't know what to say.
Ya
1) Yes (affirmative interjection).
2) Emphatic particle, "you know", "indeed":
Lu es ya experta. — He is an expert, you know.
Yu jan ya ke me bu pri fish. — But you know that I don't like fish.
Ya munda es gro-jamile! — What a beautiful world!
Es ya gro-gao baum! — This tree is so big!
Yok
There is no, not available:
Mani yok! — I have no money! No money available.
Problema yok! — No problem!
"Yok" is placed after the object under discussion and used when its absence/unavailability is stressed. Syntax Word order
Word order is direct:
subject — predicate — object.
This is natural for a language without case endings:
"lu vidi yu" means something quite different than "yu vidi lu".
An accusative particle "den" placed before the object makes it possible to change its place, e. g. for the sake of emphasis:
Me pren yabla — I take an apple.
Kwo yu pren? — What do you take?
Den yabla me pren! — The apple I take!
Pronouns in unstressed form before verbs, as in Romance languages (e. g. "je t’aime"), are not used in LdP. Interrogative sentences
There are two interrogative particles. One of them (ob) is placed at the beginning of an interrogative sentence, the other (ku) at the end or directly after the word to which it relates. It is practical to use "ob" with longer sentences and "ku" with shorter ones:
Ob yu mog shwo a me, wo es zuy blise fanshop? — Can you tell me, where is the nearest food store?
Yu lai ku? — Will you come?
Me lai, hao ku? — I'll come, OK?
The particle "ob" also plays the role of the conjunction "whether":
Me bu jan, ob lu es in dom. — I don't know whether he is at home.