-Qazwini (geographer), 416
Qift, 355
qiyas, 297
Qoniya, 404
Quatremère, M., xxv, 437, 445, 453
Qudar the Red, 3
Qumis (province), 391
-Qur’an, 159. See Koran, the
Quraysh (tribe), xix, xxiii, xxvii, 22, 64, 65-68, 117, 124, 134, 142, 146, 153-158, 164, 165, 170, 174, 175, 183, 207, 216, 237, 241, 279, 330, 347, 375, 407, 417
Quraysh, the dialect of, xxiii, 142; regarded as the classical standard, xxiii, 134
Qurayza (tribe), 21, 170
qurra(Readers of the Koran), 277. See Koran-readers, the
Qusayy, 64, 65, 146
-Qushayri, 226, 227, 228, 230, 338, 379
Quss b. Sa‘ida, 136
qussas, 374
Qusta b. Luqa, 359
Qutu ’l-Qulub, 338, 393
R
rabad, 409
Rabi‘, son of Fatima, the daughter of -Khurshub, 88
Rabi‘a al-‘Adawiyya, 227, 232, 233-234
Rabi‘a b. Nizar, xix, 5
Rabi‘a (b. Nizar), the descendants of, xix
Racine, 469
-Radi, the Caliph, 376
Radwa, Mount, 216
Rafidites, the, 268. See Shi‘ites, the
Ra‘i ’l-ibil (poet), 245, 246
raj‘a(palingenesis), 215
-rajaz(metre), 74, 75, 76, 77
Rakhman, 126
Rakusians, the, 149
Ralfs, C. A., 327
Ramadan, the Fast of, 224, 450
Ramla, 229
Raqqada, 274
Rasa’ilu Ikhwan al-Safa, 370, 371
Rasmussen, 61
Rationalism. See Mu‘tazilitesand Free-thought
-Rawda, island on the Nile, 455
rawi(reciter), 131
Rawis, the, 131-134
Raydan, 10
-Rayy, 258, 259, 268, 333, 350, 361, 420, 445
-Rayyan, 120
-Razi (Abu Bakr), physician, 361. See Abu Bakr al-Razi
-Razi (Abu Bakr), historian, 420
Reading and writing despised by the pagan Arabs, 39
Realists, 368
Red Sea, the, 4, 5, 62
Reformation, the, 468
Reforms of ‘Abdu ’l-Malik, 201; of ‘Umar b. ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, 205
Register of ‘Umar, the, 187, 188
Reiske, 15, 102, 308, 312, 316, 331
Religion, conceived as a product of the human mind, 317
Religion of the Sabæans and Himyarites, 10, 11; of the Pagan Arabs, 56, 135-140, 164, 166; associated with commerce, 135, 154
Religions and Sects, Book of, by -Shahrastam, 341; by Ibn Hazm, 341. See Kitabu ’l-Milal wa-’l-Nihal
Religious ideas in Pre-islamic poetry, 117, 119, 123, 124, 135-140
Religious literature in the ‘Abbasid period, 337-341
Religious poetry, 298-302
Renaissance, the, 443
Renan, xv, 432
Renegades, the, 408, 415, 426
Resurrection, the, 166, 215, 297, 299, 316
Revenge, views of the Arabs concerning, 93, 94; poems relating to, 97
Rhages. See -RayyRhapsodists, the, 131
Rhazes, 265, 361. See Abu Bakr al-Razi
Rhetoric, treatise on, by -Jahiz, 347
Rhinoceros, the, 354
Rhymed Prose. See saj‘
Ribah b. Murra, 25
ribat, 276, 430
Richelieu, 195
Rifa‘i dervish order, the, 393
-Rijam, 119
Risalatu ’l-Ghufran, 166, 167, 206, 318, 319, 375
-Risalat al-Qushayriyya, 226, 227, 338
Roderic, 204, 405
Rödiger, Emil, 8
Roger II of Sicily, 434
Rome, 33, 34, 41, 43, 50, 52, 113, 252, 314. See Byzantine Empire, the
Ronda, 410
Rosary, use of the, prohibited, 467
Rosen, Baron V., 375
Rothstein, Dr. G., 37, 53
-Rub‘ al-Khali, xvii Rubicon, the, 252
Ruuml;ckert, Friedrich, 93, 97, 104, 292, 332
Rudagi, Persian poet, 265
Ruhu ’l-Quds (the Holy Ghost), 150
-rujz, 152
Ruknu ’l-Dawla (Buwayhid), 266, 267
-Rumaykiyya, 422
Rushayyid al-Dahdah, 394, 396
Rustam, 330, 363
Ruzbih, 346. See Ibnu ’l-Muqaffa‘
S
-Sa‘b Dhu ’l-Qarnayn, 17
-Sab‘ al-Tiwal(the Seven Long Poems), 103
Saba (Sheba), xxv, 1, 4, 5, 6, 10, 16, 17. See Sabæans, the
Saba (person), 14
Sabæan language, the, xvi. See South Arabic language, the
Sabæans, the, xv, xvii, xviii, xx, xxi, 1, 4, 5, 7, 14, 17
Saba’ites, the, a Shi‘ite sect, 215, 216, 217, 219
Sabians, the, 149, 341, 354, 358, 363, 364, 388
-Sab‘iyya (the Seveners), 217
Sabota, 5
Sabuktagin, 268
Sabur I, 33
Sabur b. Ardashir, 267, 314
Sachau, E., xxii, 361
Sacy, Silvestre de, 8, 80, 102, 353, 354
Sa‘d (client of Jassas b. Murra), 56, 57
Sa‘d (tribe), 147
Sa‘d b. Malik b. Dubay‘a, 57
sada(owl or wraith), 94, 166
Sa‘d-ilah, 11
sadin, 259
-Sadir (castle), 41
Sadru ’l-Din of Qoniya, 404
safa(purity), 228, 370
Safa, the inscriptions of, xxi
-Safadi, 326, 456
Safar-Nama, 324
Safawid dynasty, the, xxix
-Saffah, 253, 254, 257, 259
-Saffah b. ‘Abd Manat, 253
-Saffah, meaning of the title, 253
-Saffar (title), 265
Saffarid dynasty, the, 265
safi(pure), 228
Safiyyu ’l-Din al-Hilli (poet), 449, 450
sag(Persian word), 445
-Sahaba (the Companions of the Prophet), 229
Sahara, the, 423, 429, 468
-Sahib Isma‘il b. ‘Abbad, 267, 347
Sahibu ’l-Zanadiqa (title), 373
-Sahih, of -Bukhari, 144, 146, 337
-Sahih, of Muslim, 144, 337
Sahl b. ‘Abdallah al-Tustari, 392
Sa‘id b. -Husayn, 274
St. John, the Cathedral of, 203
St. Thomas, the Church of, at -Hira, 46
Saints, female, 233
Saints, the Moslem, 386, 393, 395, 402, 403, 463, 467
saj(rhymed prose), 74, 75, 159, 327, 328
Sakhr, brother of -Khansa, 126, 127
Sal‘, 398
Saladin, 275, 348, 355
Salahu ’l-Din b. Ayyub, 275. See Saladin
Salama b. Khalid, 253
Salaman, 433
Salaman (tribe), 79
Salamya, 274
Salih (prophet), 3
Salih (tribe), 50
Salih b. ‘Abd al-Quddus, 372-375
Salim al-Suddi, 204
Saltpetre industry, the, at -Basra, 273
Sam b. Nuh, xviii. See Shem, the son of Noah sama‘(oral tradition), 297
sama‘(religious music), 394
Samah‘ali Yanuf, 10, 17
-Sam‘ani 339
Samanid dynasty, the, 265, 266, 268, 271, 303
Samarcand, 203, 268, 447
Samarra, 263
-Samaw’al b. ‘Adiya, 84, 85
Samuel Ha-Levi, 428, 429
San‘a, 8, 9, 17, 24, 28, 66, 215
sanad, 144
-Sanhaji, 456
Sanjar (Seljuq), 264
-Sanusi (Muhammad b. Yusuf), 456
Sanusiyya Brotherhood, the, 468
-Saqaliba, 413
Saqtu ’l-Zand, 313, 315
Sarabi (name of a she-camel), 56
Sargon, King, 4
Sari al-Raffa (poet), 270
Sari al-Saqati, 386
Saruj, 330, 331, 332