** Originally a Turkish word meaning “mister,” still used today in its slightly modified form to address officers, especially in the police force.
* The name of the largest confectionary manufacturers in Lebanon whose workers were in the vanguard of the worker protest movement of the early ’70s. During a peaceful demonstration in 1972, several of them were killed when the army opened fire on the demonstrators.
* An allusion to the unity of Egypt under the Pharaohs, the double crown referring to Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.
* Jamal Pasha, nicknamed the killer’, was the Ottoman military governor of Lebanon who ordered the hanging of 33 nationalists in 1915-16.