Crates of Thebes (365–285 BC), 4–6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 311, 312
Diodotus (d. 60 BC), 115, 121, 122, 316
Diogenes of Babylon (230–142 BC), 54–63, 53, 65, 68, 69, 70–71, 75–76, 77, 78, 101, 125, 131, 136, 142, 143, 314, 315
Dionysius the Renegade (330–250 BC), 42
Dioscurides of Tarsus (fl. 225 BC), 51–52
Diotimus (fl. 100 BC), 108–12, x, 129, 315
Epictetus (55–135 AD) 250–66, xi, 23, 34, 47, 84, 180, 181, 182–83, 223n, 224, 232–33, 243–44, 248, 270, 271, 283, 288, 302, 303, 304, 305, 307, 317, 318, 319
Euphrates of Tyre (35–118 AD), 317, 318, 319
Fannia (fl. 55–65 AD), 230
Helvidius Priscus (25–75 AD), 228–34, 224, 248, 318
Herillus of Chalcedon (fl. 250 BC), 42–43
Hierocles (fl. 120 AD), 319
Laelius, Gaius Sapiens (fl. 140 BC), 76, 316
Lucilius (fl. 65 AD), 28, 203, 205, 206, 318
Marcus Aurelius (121–180 AD), 278–99, xi, xiv, 35–36, 60, 70, 78, 82, 84, 96, 103, 110, 121, 159, 172–73, 176, 223n, 233, 237, 252n, 259, 262, 264, 269, 270–72, 275, 276–77, 302, 303, 305, 319
Musonius Rufus (20–101 AD), 236–49, 154, 215, 216, 255–56, 260, 294, 302, 317, 318, 319
Panaetius of Rhodes (185–109 BC), 74–86, 89, 94, 100, 101, 103, 104, 116, 125, 131, 164, 171, 175, 251, 288, 314, 315
Persaeus of Kition (306–243 BC), 312, 313
Persius (34–62 AD), 210, 317
Plautus, Gaius Rubellius (33–62 AD), 212–17, 226, 227, 240, 317, 318
Porcia Cato (70–42 BC), 152–60, 171, 220, 239, 302, 316
Posidonius of Apamea (135–51 BC), 98–107, 109, 111–12, 115, 116, 117, 122, 124, 125, 126, 131, 136, 164, 251, 290, 315, 316
Rusticus, Arulenus (35–93 AD), 223, 225, 245, 248, 269–70, 275, 319
Rusticus, Junius (100–170 AD), 268–77, 223n, 264, 283, 289, 292, 302, 319
Rutilius Rufus, Publius (158–78 BC), 88–96, 77, 84, 101, 103, 125, 129, 132, 137–38, 147, 153–54, 211, 220, 224, 231, 302, 314, 315, 316
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (Seneca the Younger; 4 BC–65 AD), 184–207, ix, x, xii, xiii, xiv–xv, 23, 24, 28, 43, 95, 101, 103, 112, 118, 125, 128, 146–47, 148–49, 165, 166, 175, 176, 181, 211, 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 230, 237, 241, 251, 252, 254, 271, 274, 283–84, 288, 302, 303, 305, 306, 317, 318
Sextius (fl. 45 BC), 187–88
Sphaerus (285–210 BC), 314
Thrasea Paetus (14–66 AD), 218–27, xiii, 205, 211, 217, 230, 231–32, 237, 241, 242, 245, 248, 251, 269, 275, 302, 306, 318
Zeno of Kition (334–262 BC), xviii–10, xi, 13, 14, 16–22, 27–32, 34, 35, 40, 41, 42, 44n, 45, 47, 48, 52, 58, 59, 60, 66, 68, 78, 79, 85, 96, 99, 106, 116n, 120, 121, 124, 128, 129, 142, 174, 196, 209, 219, 257, 276, 288, 290, 301, 302, 303, 305, 306, 312, 313
Zeno of Tarsus (d. 190–180 BC), 50–53, 56, 57, 209, 314
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Ryan Holiday is one of the world's foremost thinkers and writers on ancient philosophy and its place in everyday life. He is a sought-after speaker, strategist, and the author of many bestselling books including The Obstacle Is the Way; Ego Is the Enemy; The Daily Stoic; and the #1 New York Times bestseller Stillness Is the Key. His books have been translated into over 30 languages and read by over two million people worldwide. He lives outside Austin, Texas, with his family.
Stephen Hanselman has worked for more than three decades in publishing as a bookseller, publisher and literary agent. He is a graduate of Harvard Divinity School, where he received a master's degree while also studying extensively in Harvard's philosophy department. He lives with his family in South Orange, New Jersey.
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* We can imagine he did not approve of Zeno’s trick on Aristo.
* This is the idea Carneades used to insult the Romans with.
* Just as Zeno’s incident with the lentils is loaded with class implications, so too is Cicero’s association with the “lowly” chickpea.
* It is interesting that the most cited writer in Seneca’s works is Epicurus. Seneca said we ought to read like a spy in the enemy’s camp, always looking to learn from our intellectual and philosophical opponents.
* Seneca also took the time to write a vulgar satirical send-off to Claudius entitled Apocolocyntosis, or “the Pumpkinification,” which was a final middle finger to the man who had taken so many years of his life in Corsica.
* Seneca’s brother Novatus, under his adoptive name, Gallio, makes an appearance in the New Testament (Acts 18:12–17).
* In the Middle Ages, it was thought that Seneca the tragedian was an entirely separate figure from Seneca the philosopher. James Romm marvels at Seneca’s range: “It is as though Emerson had taken time off from writing his essays to compose the opera Faust.” This is incomplete. It’s as if Emerson founded Transcendentalism, wrote Faust, and served as Lincoln’s vice president.
* In 2018, James Romm would translate a selection of Seneca’s writings entitled How to Die. It is 256 pages.
* Arulenus Rusticus lived to see six more emperors, until Domitian put him to death in 93 AD for a book praising Thrasea’s courage and example. His grandson, Junius Rusticus, would attend the lectures of Epictetus and become the philosophy teacher of Marcus Aurelius.