Some people believe that the increase in air travel will have serious implications for the climate.
2. To affect something or someone
affect verb [transitive] to have an effect on something or someone:
The disease affects women more than men.
The island was badly affected by last month's storms.
Smoking while you are pregnant can seriously affect the health of your unborn baby.
Noise from the airport is adversely affecting the quality of life for local residents. (=it is having a bad effect on their lives) be bad for to have a bad effect on someone or something:
When companies close down it is bad for the local economy.
Studies have shown that eating some types of fish can be bad for you.
be good for to have a good effect on someone or something:
Mr Blair's speech contained analysis of how environmental action can be good for the economy and for business.
Bread, especially brown bread, is good for you.
Impact / impact on verb [intransitive and transitive] to affect something. Impact is used as a verb especially in business English:
The recession in the US has negatively impacted sales of luxury cars. (=it has had a bad effect on sales)
The new regulations will significantly impact on the way food companies operate. (=they will have an important and noticeable effect)
make a difference to have a noticeable effect on a situation:
New drugs have made a big difference in the treatment of some forms of cancer.
In practice it makes very little difference which type of oil you use.
Choosing the right wine can make all the difference to a meal. (=the right choice will make it a very enjoyable meal)
influence verb [transitive] to have an effect on the way someone behaves or thinks, or on the way a situation develops:
There is no convincing evidence that advertising influences total sales of alcohol.
Morgan was heavily influenced by Darwin's ideas on evolution. (=he was greatly influenced by them)
Levels of ozone are strongly influenced by annual variations in the weather.
Emphasizing
What you say when emphasizing that something is important
Ways of emphasizing one person or thing more than others
To emphasize something
1. What you say when emphasizing that something is important
I would like to stress that used when you want to emphasize that something is important:
I would like to stress that the research is still at an early stage.
I would like to stress that the characters in this poem bear no resemblance to real people.
it should be noted that a formal phrase used especially in articles and essays, when you want to emphasize that something is important:
It should be noted that there are a number of alternative methods available.
It should be noted that the general trend of increasing unemployment has continued over a number of years.
it is worth bearing in mind that used when you want to emphasize that it is important to remember something when you are considering a subject:
It is worth bearing in mind that 90% of the scientists researching herbicides in the US are employed by chemical companies.
crucial adjective if something is crucial, it is extremely important:
Burgin distinguishes between photographic theory and photographic criticism (Burgin 1982). This distinction is crucial.
Factors such as temperature and acidity play a crucial role in determining how well the process works.
crucially Crucially, it was claimed that there was an increase in childhood cancers in areas surrounding nuclear power stations.
vital / essential adjective if something is vital or essential, it is extremely important, because without it there could be serious problems:
These insects play a vital part in the food chain.
It is essential that the work is carried out as soon as possible.
2. Ways of emphasizing one person or thing more than others
especially / particularly adverb:
The climate is much colder, especially in the far north.
There has been a big increase in alcohol consumption, particularly among young women.
It is often mixed with other fibres, particularly cotton.
He was very much influenced by Picasso, especially when he was young.
STUDY NOTE: Grammar
Especially and particularly are usually used before a noun phrase or at the beginning of a clause.
in particular used when you want to mention one person or thing that is more important than others or more affected by something than others:
In the USA in particular, large numbers of ordinary citizens lost money by investing in internet companies.
The work of Sally Mann, in particular, has made us question representations of children and childhood.
One of the biggest environmental issues was the movement of hazardous waste. In particular, there was concern about rich, industrialized countries exporting such waste to poor developing countries.
STUDY NOTE: Grammar
In particular is usually used after a noun phrase. It can also be used at the beginning of a sentence.
notably adverb used when saying that someone or something is an important example of something. Notably is a formal word, which is used especially in articles and essays:
Some economists, most notably J. M. Keynes, recommended increasing government spending in times of recession, in order to stimulate the economy.
In 1950, half the world's ships were built in the UK (notably in Liverpool, Sunderland, Belfast and Glasgow).
above all used when emphasizing that something is more important than the other things you have mentioned:
Cycling is not only pollution-free but also flexible, cheap, and above all, healthy.
Try to find out if your daughter has any other worries or problems. Above all, show her that you care and will give her all the support and help you can.
most of all more than anyone or anything else:
America had become an importer of copper, lead, zinc, and most of all, oil.
Most of all, we need an approach that works.
most importantly / most significantly:
Perhaps most importantly, the nation seemed to have lost its pride and its sense of direction.
The 18th century was a period of enormous social change. Most significantly, the Agricultural Revolution drove large numbers of workers into the cities.
3. To emphasize something
emphasize / stress verb [transitive] to say firmly that something is particularly important: