Apparently in pursuit of this strategy, the WCL held “formal talks of an exploratory nature” with the Socialist Action League (SAL), the country’s principal Trotskyist organization. It proclaimed that it was seeking “to create a socialist alliance of ‘ecumenical left’ to reach into the Labor Party and then, it was hoped, to influence government policy.”[623]
Conclusion
Maoism in New Zealand had a unique distinction: the country’s original Communist Party joined the Chinese side as soon as the Sino-Soviet dispute came out into the open. At this time, the Communist Party of New Zealand was strongly dominated by Victor G. Wilcox, its long-time Secretary General. However, after 1969 a series of faction groups revolted against the Wilcox leadership, and founded new Maoist groups, still proclaiming their support of Chairman Mao and the Chinese party.
These splits culminated in 1979—1980 with the ouster of Wilcox himself, first from the secretary generalship and then from the CPNZ. In large degree, this occurred as a result of the decision of the majority of the CPNZ leadership to support Albania in its quarrel with the post-Mao Chinese leadership, to which Wilcox remained loyal. Although the CPNZ leaders apparently had some second thoughts about supporting Enver Hoxha and the Albanians after Hoxha began to denounce Mao Tse-tung himself, they finally reconfirmed their support of the Albanians, with the result that a group in the leadership that had remained loyal to “Mao Tse-tung Thought” was eliminated from the CPNZ.
For their part, those ex-elements of the CPNZ who remained in the camp of the post-Mao leadership sought to regroup their forces. To this end, they formed the Workers Communist League in January 1980. However, by the late 1980s, they had wandered a considerable distance from Maoism, as indicated by their overtures to the Trotskyists of the SAL.
Bibliography
The two most extensive sources of information on International Maoism are the Yearbook on International Communist Affairs, published for more than two decades by the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, and a series of pamphlets put out in the 1970s and the 1980s by the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party (SED), the East German Communist Party, which at the time were marked “not for distribution/ but have become available since the destruction of the Berlin Wall. We have drawn extensively from these sources. However, they have been supplemented by a wide range of books, pamphlets, periodicals and interviews. The importance of various sources of information has varied considerably from one country to the other.
One comment is in order with regard to the citations in the endnotes from the Hoover Institution Yearbook. In the first years of its publications, authors of the individual entries for various countries were not clearly identified. Hence, in the listing I cite Yearbook, but without attribution to any particular writer. When using entries from later years, I have cited the individuals who have written the entries that we are using in the notes following each section.
All of the sources of information that have been used in this volume are listed in what follows, arranged according to the nature of the material.
Books and Pamphlets
Akademie für Gesellschaftswissenschaften beim Zentralkomitee der SED, Institut für Imperialismusforschung. Linksradikale Gruppen End der 80er Jahre in der Kapitalistischen Welt: Dokumentation, Berlin 1989 (listed in Notes as SED, Linksradikale).
Akademie für Gesellschaftswissenschaften beim Zentralkomitee der SED, Institut für Imperialismusforschung, Institut für Internationale Arbeiterbewegung. Dokumentation. Die auf die heutige Pekinger Führung orientierten, die Linksradikalen, die guerrileristischer Gruppen und die pseudolinken Terroisten-Gruppienungen in de kapitalischen Welt: Ende der 70er/Anfang der 80er Jahre, Berlin, 1980 (listed in Notes as SED, Dokumentation, 1980).
Akademie für Gesellschaftswissenschaften beim Zentralkomitee der SED, Institut für Internationale Arbeiterbewegung. Die promaostischen Gruppierungen in den kapitalistische Landem und ihr Auftreten gegen internationale Entspannung und gesellschaftlichen Fortschritt— Internes Symposium von 29 November bis 1 Dezember 1977 in Berlin, 2 volumes (listed in Notes as SED, Symposium).
Akademie für Gesellschaftswissenschaften beim Zentralkomitee der SED, Institut für Internationale Arbeiterbewegung, Lehrstuhl Imperialismusforschung. Dokumentation. Die Pekinger Führung und die promaostische Spalterbewegung, Berlin, 1977, 2 volumes (listed in Notes as SED, Dokumentation, 1977).
Robert J. Alexander. International Maoism in the Developing World, Praeger, Westport, CT, 1999.
Robert J. Alexander. International Trotskyism 1929—1985: A Documented Analysis of the Movement, Duke University Press, Durham, NC, 1991.
Arbejder Partiet KAP. Det Vil Kap: For et Socialistisk Danmark, official program of Communist Workers Party of Denmark, April 1979.
Arbejderpartiet KAP. Socialisme na Dansk, Kopenhagen, n.d., 1979 election program of Communist Workers Party of Denmark.
Basic Principles for the Unity of Marxist-Leninists and for the Line of the International Communist Movement, RCP Publications, Chicago, 1981.
A. H. Evans. Against the Enemy, The Committee to Defeat Revisionism, For Communist Unity, London, November 1963.
A. H. Evans. On N Khrushchov, Fertilizer and the Future of Soviet Agriculture, The Committee to Defeat Revisionism, For Communist Unity, London, January 1964.
A. H. Evans. Truth Will Out: Against Modem Revisionism, The Committee to Defeat Revisionism, For Communist Unity, London, January 1964.
Harvey Klehr. Far Left of Center: The American Radical Left Today, Transaction Books, New Brunswick, NJ, 1988.
Bill Klingel and Joanne Psihountas. Important Struggles in Building the Revolutionary Party, U.S.A., RCP Publications, Chicago, October 1978.
Letter of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Central Committee of the Communist Party Soviet Union dated June 15, 1964, Foreign Language Press, Peking 1964.
John Logue. Socialism and Abundance: Radical Socialism in the Danish Welfare State, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1982.
Phillip Abbott Luce. The New Left Today: America’s Trojan Horse, the Capitol Hill Press, Washington, DC, 1971.
Michael McCreery. The Way Forward: The Need to Establish a Communist Party in England, Scotland and Wales, The Committee to Defeat Revisionism, For Communist Unity, London, January 1964.
Nuevo Programa y Nueva Constitucion del Partido Comunista Revolucionario, EEUU, RCP Publications, Chicago, 1981.
Fernando Ruiz and Joaquin Romero (editors). Los Partidos Marxistas: Sus Dirigentes/ Sus Programas, Editorial Anagrama, Barcelona, 1977.
Newspapers and Periodicals
A World to Win, magazine of Revolutionary Internationalist Movement, London.
Challenge, monthly supplement of newspaper of Progressive Labor Party, New York.