Index
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
abaci, 37
“About Famous Women” (Boccaccio), 55–57
Abraham and Isaac, 8, 13
Acciaiuoli, Agnolo, 154–56, 157, 163, 167, 192
Acciaiuoli, Donato di Neri, 160
Acciaiuoli, Lorenzo, 154
accoppiatori, 139–40, 142, 147, 156, 160, 165, 167, 199–200
accounting:
imaginary currency invented for, 36–37
methods of, 5, 33–34
Achilles, 11–12, 18, 158
Adoration of the Magi (Gozzoli), 128–29, 129, 169
Adoration of the Shepherds (Goes), 178
Agamemnon, 11–12
Agazzari, Filippo degli, 10
Alberti, Leon Battista, 19, 26
Albizzi, Rinaldo degli, 81, 86, 89–91, 104, 116, 154
Cosimo de’ Medici’s exile and, 92–98
exile of, 100
Albizzi family, 73, 77, 78, 81, 118, 120, 137, 139, 141
power struggle between Medici family and, 88–98
Alfonso of Aragon, 141
alum, 22, 39, 188, 192–99, 204, 233
collapse of market in, 197–99
main markets for, 196
Medici bank’s monopoly on, 190, 193, 195–96, 200, 205
sources of, 194–95, 197, 200
uses and importance of, 188, 190, 192, 194
value of market in, 194
Volterra and, 199–203
Ancona, Medici bank branch in, 116, 117
Angel Appearing to Zacharias, The (Ghirlandaio), 168
Angelico, Fra, 124–25, 126, 128, 133
Angevin family, 68, 71, 116, 141, 218
Anghiari, Battle of, 140
Anglo-French War, 112, 114
Anjou, Prince Jean d’, 189
Annunciation (Angelico), 125
Antonio of Florence, Archbishop (later Saint), 24, 33, 63, 109, 123–24, 148, 151, 241
Aragon family, 116
Arena Chapel, 10
aristocracy:
Lorenzo de’ Medici’s aspirations to, 4, 203, 221–22
Medici as, 160–61, 170, 178, 246
see also nobility
Aristotle, 14
Arnolfini, Giovanni, 176
art:
collecting habit and, 5
Cosimo de’ Medici’s commissions in architecture and, 3, 56, 58–59, 62, 84, 104, 105, 108, 121–22, 124–30, 126, 129, 151, 186, 225, 246
humanism’s affect on, 130
Lorenzo de’ Medici’s patronage of, 187
money and political power tied to, 2, 9, 10, 17–19, 124, 158–59, 161
morality and patronage and, 186–88
patrons portrayed in, 125–27, 126, 129–30, 129, 136, 151, 166, 168–70, 178, 211, 230, 231
religion and patronage and, 127–34
religious purpose of, 124–25
Arte di Calimala (Merchants’ Guild), 33, 58
Arte di Cambio, see Exchangers’ Guild
Arte di Por San Maria (Clothmakers’ Guild), 33
astrology, 34, 62
Augustine, Saint, 207
Avignon, 51
Medici bank branch in, 170, 232
Badia di Fiesole, 127
balia, 141, 142, 149, 158, 192, 199
Cosimo de’ Medici exiled by, 95–98
function of, 95–96, 138–39
banca grossa, 32
banche a minuto, 31–34
bank, etymology of term, 29
banking:
by banche a minuto, 31–34
collecting habit and, 5
Cosimo de’ Medici’s love of, 62, 188
currency exchange deals and, 40–46, 91–92, 174
discretionary deposits and, 22–25
distrust of, 2, 89
Florence’s neighborhood for, 29
holding system and, 48–49
Italian monopoly on, 21
language used as camouflage in, 24, 31
moral law and, 11–15
by pawnbrokers, 30–31
political power and, 17
pre-Medici innovations in, 5–6
trade and, 22–23, 39–40, 46–47, 240
Tuscans and, 28
see also accounting
banks, falling trade and failures of, 173
Baptistery, 54, 56, 57–59
Barcelona, 22, 135, 174
Bardi, Alessandro, 168
Bardi, Bartolomeo de’, 83, 111
Bardi, Benedetto di Lippaccio de’, 38, 47
Bardi, Gualterotto de’, 111
Bardi, Ilarione di Lippaccio de’, 39, 47, 52, 83, 111
Bardi, Ubertino de’, 42, 83, 111
Bardi bank, 6, 48, 118
Bardi family, 154, 162
Giovanni de’ Medici and, 6
as partners in Medici bank, 38–39, 83
removed from Medici bank, 111
Baroncelli, Bernardo di Bandini, 214, 216–17, 229
Baroncelli, Pierantonio di Bandini, 214
barons, 49
Bartolomeo, Fra, 237, 238
Basle, 116
Medici bank branch in, 113
Beaufort, Henry, 24
Becchi, Gentile, 188
Benci, Giovanni d’Amerigo, 64, 66, 76–77, 112, 115, 116, 149, 170, 198, 242
Benedict XIII, Pope, 51
Bernardino di Siena, 103, 116, 131
Bernardino of Feltre, 13
Bible, 93
bills of exchange (cambiale), 5–6, 48
description of, 40–41
in exchange deals, 40–46
stare sugli avvisi and, 47
Birth of John the Baptist (Ghirlandaio), 166, 169
bishops, 20, 68, 113
Bisticci, Vespasiano da, 122, 127, 140
blasphemers, 14
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 7–8, 10, 51, 55–57
Boni, Gentile di Baldassarre, 38
bookkeeping, see accounting
Borromei, Carlo, 205
Borromei family, 205
Botticelli, Sandro, 186, 187, 209, 218, 225
Bracciolini, Poggio, 55, 119–20, 121
Brancacci, Felice, 74
British Empire, 121
Bronzino, Agnolo, 27
Bruges, 20–21, 25, 44, 72, 110–11, 113, 118, 204, 214
Medici bank branch in, 114, 116, 120, 135, 174–77, 179, 197, 198, 213, 220, 228, 229, 231–32
Brunelleschi, Filippo, 5, 85, 89, 122–23, 124
Bruni, Leonardo, 55, 185
Bueri family, 162
Burckhardt, Jakob, 17, 65
Burgundy, 174, 196–97
burial, denied to usurers, 10
Calderoni, Anselmo, 106–7
cambiale, see bills of exchange
cambio secco (dry exchanges), 45–46
Canigiani, Gherardo, 181–82, 213–14
cardinals, 20, 49, 113
Carmignuola, Francesco, 79, 84
Carnival, Lorenzo de’ Medici’s bawdy songs composed for, 209–10, 239
Castagno, Andrea del, 218
Castro, Giovanni da, 195
catasto (wealth tax), 73, 81–83, 85
Cavalcanti family, 83
celibacy, vows of, 64, 68
Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, 175–77, 178, 182–83, 197, 214–15, 229
Charles VIII, King of France, 244–45
children, illegitimate, 64–65
Christian gentleman, 121
Christianity:
East-West schism in, 116, 134–35
fundamentalism in, 234–36
humanism’s relationship to, 57, 92–93