20. Знание распределяется еще хуже, чем оружие и богатство. Поэтому перераспределить знания (в особенности знания о знаниях) важнее, чем другие главные средства власти. Это может привести и к их перераспределению.
21. Сверхконцентрация средств власти опасна. (Примеры: Сталин, Гитлер и так далее. Примеров слишком много для того, чтобы все их упомянуть.)
22. Аналогичным образом опасна недостаточная концентрация этих средств. Отсутствие сильного правительства в Ливане превратило несчастную страну в символ анархического насилия. Десятки группировок добиваются власти, не помышляя ни о какой согласованной концепции закона и справедливости или о каких-то несиловых конституционных либо иных ограничениях.
23. Если и избыточная, и недостаточная власть равно приводят к ужасным социальным последствиям, то какая степень концентрации власти чрезмерна? Имеется ли моральная основа для суждения?
Моральная основа для суждения, является ли власть сверх-или недостаточно концентрированной, прямо связана с различием между «общественно необходимым порядком» и «прибавочным порядком».
24. Власть, врученная правительству, должна быть достаточной для обеспечения защиты от реальной (не воображаемой) внешней угрозы, а также для минимума внутреннего порядка и добрых отношений. Такой уровень порядка необходим обществу и потому морально оправдан.
Порядок, навязывающий что-то сверх того, что нужно гражданскому обществу для функционирования, направленный попросту на увековечение режима, аморален.
25. Таковы моральные основания для противостояния правительству, устанавливающему «избыточный порядок», или даже для его свержения.
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