71. Bouvier, Le krach, pp. 211, 219.
72. Herbert I. Bloom, The Economic Activities of theJews of Arnster-dam in the Seventeenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Williamsport, Pci.: Bayard Press, 1937), p. 199.
73. Carswell, South Sea Bubble, p. 210.
74. Dreiser, The Titan, p. 237.
75. Christina Stead, House of All Nations (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1938), p. 643.
1. Thomas Joplin, Case for Parliamentary Inquiry into the Circumstances of the Panic, in a Letter to Thomas Gisborne, Esq., M. P. (London: James Ridgeway & Sons, n. d. [after 1832]), p. 10 (no поводу паники 1825 г.).
2. Sirjohn Clapham, The Bank of England: a History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1945), vol. 2, p. 236 (по поводу паники 1847 г.).
3. E. Victor Morgan, The Theo/y and Practice of Central Banking 1797-1913 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1943), p. 133.
4. Эпизод отмечем в книге A. Andreades, History of the Bank of England (London: P. S. King, 1909), p. 334. Для получения более подробной информации см. Rudiger Dornbusch and Jacob Frenkel, «The Gold Standard and the Bank of England in the Crisis of 1847», in Michael Bordo and Anna J. Schwartz eds, A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), pp. 233-264.
5. Ministere des Finances et al., Enquete sur les principes et les f aits generaux qui regissent la circulation monetaire et fiduciare (Paris: Imprimerie imperiale, 1867), vol. 1, p. 456.
6. «Разворот 1857 года — его причины и последствия», New York Herald, б/д, процитировано в книге D. Moricr Evans, The History of the Commercial Crisis, 1857-1858, and the Stock Exchange Panic of 1859 859: reprinted, New York: Augustus
M. Kelley, 1969), p. 121.
7. Herbert Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover (New York: Macmillan & Co., 1952), vol. 3, p. 30.
8. Murray N. Rothbard, America's Great Depression, 3rd ed. (Kansas City: Sheed & Ward, 1975), p. 187.
9. Paul Johnson, Modern Times: the World from the Twenties to the Eighties (New York: Harper & Row, 1983), p. 244.
10. Ernst Baasch, Hollandische Wirtschaftsgeschichte (Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1927), p. 238.
11. Joplin, Parliamentary Inquiry, pp. 14-15.
12. Great Britain, Parliamentary Papers, Monetary Policy, Com-mercialDistress (1857; Shannon: Irish University Press, 1969), vol. 1, pp. 427, 431.
13. D. Morier Evans, The Commercial Crisis, 1847-1848, 2nd ed (1849; reprinted, New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1969), p. 89.
14. Evans, Commercial Crisis, p. 181.
15. Parliamentary Papers, CommercialDisfress, p. xii.
16. Там же, vol. 4, appendix 20; Foreign Communications Relative to the Commercial Crisis of 1857, Hamburg consular circular № 76, November 23, 1857, pp. 435, 440,441.
17. Henrietta M. Larson,/^ Cooke, Private Banker (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1936), p. 80.
18. W. С. Т. King, History of the London Discount Market ( London: George Routledge & Sons, 1936), p. 243.
19. Theodore Dreiser, The Financier (1912), in Trilogy of Desire (New York: World Publishing, 1972), p. 491.
20. W. Jett Lauck, The Causes of the Panic of 1893 (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1907), p. 102.
21. The Commercial and Financial Chronicle, 16 May 1884, p. 589, процитировано в книге О. М. W. Sprague, History of Crises under the National Banking System (1910; reprinted, New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1968), p. 112.
22. W. R. Brock, Lord Liverpool and Liberal Toryism, 1820-1827 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1941), pp. 209-210 (процитировано Clapham, Bank of England, vol. 2, p. 108).
23. Clapham, Bank of England\ vol. 2, p. 332.
24. Stephan Skalweit, Die Berliner Wirtschaftskrise von 1763 und ihre Hintergninde (Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohl hammer, 1937), pp. 49-73.
25. Arthur D. Gayer, W. W. Rostow, and Anna J. Schwartz, The Growth and Fluctuation of the British Economy, 1790-1850 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, 1953), vol. 1, p. 272. "
26. Larry T. Wimmer, The Gold Crisis of 1869: a Problem in Domestic Economic Policy and International Trade Theory (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 1968), p. 79.
27. Andreades, Bank of England, p. 137, процитировано в работе Henry D. McLeod, Theory and Practice of Banking, 3rd ed. (London: Longman Green, Reader & Dyer, 1879), p. 428.
28. John Carswell, The South Sea Bubble (London: Cresset Press,
1960), p. 184.
29. Andreades, Bank of England, p. 151.
30. Alexander Dana Noyes, The Market Place: Reminiscences of a Financial Editor (Boston: Little, Brown, 1938), p. 333.
31. Sprague, History of Crises, p. 259.
32. Там же.
33. Там же, с. 181.
34. Max Wirth, Geschichte der Handehkrisen, 4th ed. (1890; reprinted, New York: Biirt Franklin, 1968), p. 521.
35. М an rice Levy- Leboyer, Les banques europeennes et I'industria -lisation Internationale dans la premiere moitie du XIX siecle (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1964), p. 480, text and note 5.
36. George W. Van Vleck, The Panic of 1857: an Analytical Study (New York: Columbia University Press, 1943), p. 80.
37. Sprague, History of Ctises, pp. 120, 182-183.
38. Там же, с. 75, 291-292.
39. Jacob II. Schiff, «Relation of a Central Bank to the Elasticity of the Currency», Annals of the Amehcan Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 31 (January-June 1908), p. 375. Для получения более современных данных см. Jean Strouse «The Brilliant Bailout», New Yorker (23 November 1998), pp. 62-77.
40. Myron T. Herrick, «The Panic of 1907 and Someof its Lessons», Annals of the Amencan Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 31 (January-June 1908), p. 309.
41. John Kenneth Galbraith, The Great Crash, 1929,3rd ed (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972), pp. 107-108.
42. Для информации о венском «комитете спасения» см. Eduard Marz, «Osterreich Industrie- und Bankpolitik» в работе Der Zeit Franz Josephs I: Am Beispiel der k.k. priv. Osteireichischen Credit-Anstaltfiir Handel und Geweibe (Vienna: Europa Verlag, 1968), pp. 177-182. Марца отмечает (с. 179), что лучший анализ кризиса содержится в работах Josef Neuwirth, Bank und Valuta in Osterreich, vol. 2, Die Spekulationsknsis van 1873 (нет исх. данных).
43. Levy-Leboyer, Banques europeennes, pp. 470-471.
44. Bertrand Gille, La banque en France auXIXsiecle (Paris: Droz,
1970), p. 93.
45. Parliamentary Papers, Commercial Distress, vol. 4, appendix, consular dispatch from Hamburg, №. 75. p. 434.
46. Там же, с. 435.
47. Hans Rosenberg, Die Weltwirtschaftskrise von 1857-1859 (Stuttgart/Berlin: Verlag von W. Kohlhammer, 1934), p. 129.
48. Parliamentary Paper, Commercial Distress, vol. 4, appendix, consular dispatches from Hamburg, № 77, 80, 81, 82, 84, 86, pp. 435-437.
49. Albert Е. Fr. Schaffle, «Die Handelskrise von 1857 in Hamburg, mit besonderer Rucksicht auf das Bankwesen», in Gesammelte Aufsatze (Tubingen: H. Raupp’schen, 1885), vol. 2, pp. 44, 45, 52, 53.
50. Clapham, Bank of England, vol. 2, p. 156.
51. Там же, с. 331. Для более детальной информации о кризисе байка Baring и его спасении см. L.S. Pressnell, «Gold Reserves, Banking Reserves and the Baring Crisis of 1890», in C. R. Whittlesey and J. S. G. Wilson eds, Essays in Money and Banking in Honour of R,S. Sayers (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968), pp. 67-228 и L.S. Pressnell, «The Sterling System and Financial Crises before 1914», in C.P Kindleberger and J.-P, Laffargue eds, Financial Crises: Theory, History and Policy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 148-164.