MITI
13
14
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10
11
Ministry of Justice
4
N.A.
Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
12
13
Police Agency
7
12
Ministry of Home Affairs
13
10
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
11
9
Ministry of Transportation
9
9
Ministry of Construction
8
9
Ministry of Education
4
8
Ministry of Welfare
11
7
Ministry of Labor
5
4
Board of Audit
2
2
Supreme Court
1
2
Prime Minister's Office
1
1
Environment Agency
1
1
Defense Agency
1
1
National Tax Agency
0
1
Hokkaido Development Agency
0
1
SUBTOTAL
130
130
2. Prefectural governments
3
18
3. Public corporations
12
37
4. Banks, commercial and governmental
92
117
5. Securities and brokerage firms
4
8
6. Casualty and life insurance firms
26
27
7. Real estate firms
4
2
8. Shipbuilding companies
8
3
9. Automobile manufacturing companies
0
5
10. International trading companies
26
27
11. Electrical equipment manufacturers
5
4
12. Steel industry
20
22
13. Chemical industry
3
4
14. Textile industry
3
4
15. Construction industry
1
1
16. Warehousing and transportation industry
4
4
17. Public utilities
3
9
18. Mass communications
7
10
19. Other (family businesses, etc.)
c. 100
c. 111
TOTAL
451
543
SOURCE
:
Shukan *
yomiuri
, Apr. 3, 1976, pp. 15659.
Page 62
rooms are staffed by men who share a common outlookone that is neither "legal" in the sense used in American law schools nor "entrepreneurial" in the sense used in American schools of business administration. Todai * law offers a superb education in public and administrative law of the continental European variety, a subject much closer to what is called political science than to law in the English-speaking countries. Todai students also study economicscompulsory principles of economics in the first year, optional economic policy in the second year, and compulsory public finance in the third year. The resulting homogenization of views between the public and private sectors began before the war. As Rodney Clark observes from the point of view of corporate management: "By the 1920's higher education, particularly at certain great state and private universities, most especially the University of Tokyo, was coming to be seen as the most natural qualification for the management of major companies. . . . The emphasis on such [public law] studies argued (and, of course, promoted) a view of management as a bureaucratic and cooperative venture: the government of a company rather than the imposition of an entrepreneurial will on a market place and a work force by superior skill, courage, or judgment."