adrenal glands 263, 264–5
Afzélius, Bjorn 57–8
ageing 299, 300–4, 313–14; and cells 319–23; disorders 319, 323; and free radicals 314–15, 316–18; mortality rates 329–31; and skin 318–19; see also longevity
AIMs see Ancestry Informative Markers
Ainu, the 268
Aka, the 183, 186–7
Akadimoo (pygmy) 181, 183
albinism/albinos 14, 245, 250, 251, 252, 253–5, 258, 259–60
Aldrovandi, Ulisse 9, 11; Monstrorum historia 4, 6, 8, 273
allegory 5–6, 7, 84–5
alopecia see baldness
ALS see amytrophic lateral sclerosis
Alzheimer’s disease 300, 326–7
American National States Rights Party: Thunderbolt article 110
amino acids 89, 158
amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 316
Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs) 339–40
Andaman Islands: negritos 183–4, 184 341,346–7
anencephalic children 51–2
Angela and Amy (conjoined twins) 60
‘anticipation’ 298
apartheid (South Africa) 262–4
apical ectodermal ridges 113, 114, 115–16, 126–7
APOE (apolipoprotein E) gene 300, 326, 327, 328
Aquinas, Thomas 33
aristocracy, British 308–9
Aristotle 9, 10, 241; The generation of animals 32–3, 35; Historia animalium 199, 282; On length and shortness of life 307–8
arms 110–11, 112–13, 127–8; missing 111–12, 118–20, 119, 128
Arnold (Chinese sailor) and his descendants 137–8, 140
aromatase 239–40, 241–2
Artemis Ephesia 290–3, 291
Ashberry, Mary 155
Augustine, St 70
auricles, supernumerary 84, 84–6, 85
Auschwitz 148–9, 150–2
Ava, Burma 273–6
Bacon, Francis 10, 48; Novum organum 10–12, 13
Bagydaw, king of Ava 273, 274, 275
baldness 280–4; female 283
Barbin, Herculine (Abel/Alexina) 217–22, 229, 236, 237,238,243
Bateson, William: Materials… 85, 86–7, 123
bearded women 238, 239, 268, 283
beauty 348–53, 355–6
Belgian blues (cows) 157
Bell, Alexander Graham 304–5, 306, 309
Beowulf 105
Bhudas 287
Birds: feathers 8, 280; sex chromosomes 231; and teeth 288; see also chickens
Birkett, J.: ‘Congenital…auricles on the sides of the neck’ 85
Blafards 251, 253, 258
blastopores 38, 39, 40, 41
Blixen, Karen 17
Boaistuau, Pierre: Histoires prodigieuses 6, 28, 29
Boas, Franz 243, 342, 343–4
Bobey, John Richardson Primrose 258
Bonaparte, Napoleon 47, 164, 195
bone(s) 138–40, 140, 160; excess 140–4; growth of 144–6, 153–4; missing 137–8, 140; see also arms; legs
bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 139–40, 141, 144, 280; BMP4 42, 44, 102
Bontius, Jacob: Orang (in Historia naturalis Indiae Orientalis) 249, 250
Borboutin, Isalina 173
Boruwlaski, Joseph 170–5, 172, 176, 177
Bosch, Hieronymus 67
Botticelli, Sandro: Mars and Venus 85
Brandenburg, Electress of 170
Brandt, Alexander 284–5
Brazilians: acheiropodic 114, 114–15; and beauty 352, 356
BRCA1 (gene) 300
breasts 286, 287; cancer gene 300; extra 289, 289–90, 292
British aristocracy, height of 210–11
Browne, Sir Thomas 30, 35; Pseudodoxia epidemica… 8, 91; Religio medici 9, 313
Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de 17, 31, 170, 189, 350; Histoire naturelle…21, 57, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 257–8
bumblebee bats 190
Burckhardt, Jacob 311
Byrne, Charles 178, 178–9, 207, 265
Caesar, Julius 283
Cafarelli (castrato) 200
Cain 71, 105–6
calf, cyclopic 73
caloric restriction 311–13, 314, 325
Camper, Petrus 340, 341, 350
cancers 299, 300, 302, 314 321: and growth 204–7
Cantimpré, Thomas à: De naturis rerum 70–1
Cape Malays 137–8, 140
cardiovascular disease 326, 328, 330–1; see also heart attacks
Carracci, Agostino: Arrigo Peloso, Pietro Matto e Amon Nano 269–70, 270, 273
Carracci, Annibale: Omnia vincit Amor 85
cartilage 139, 140, 156, 158
castration/castrati 199–201; see also eunuchs
catalase 317
cats: toes 121
Cazotte, Marc (‘Pepin’) 103, 119, 119–20
CBFA1 (gene) 140
cells 35, 36, 41–2, 82–3, 126, 319–21; suicide of 116–17, 207
Chacrelats 249, 251
Chadwick, Edwin 211
Chair-Allah-Luigi 186–8, 187
Charles I, of England 9, 10
Chesnet, Dr 221–2
chickens: embryo experiments 47–8, 59–60, 77, 113, 117, 122–3, 124, 280; and teeth 288
childhood mortality rates 329–30
Chinese, the 201, 210, 268, 350
cholesterol 234, 326
chondrocytes 139, 140, 153–4, 156, 158
chordin 44, 102
chromosomes 13, 230–3, 317–18
cilia 58, 59
Cleopatra xv
‘Cleppie Bells’ 106–9, 115
clitoris, the 225–8, 227, 229; of pseudoher-maphrodites 221, 236, 237, 239
Cloetens, Elsje 298
clones 322–3
club-feet 109
collagens 158
collections, teratology 11, 12–13, 61–2, 65–6, 72, 78, 120, 143; see also Vrolik, Willem
Colloredo, Lazarus 53
Columbus, Renaldus 91, 225–6, 228
‘condensations’ 127–8, 139
consanguinous marriages 356
Cornaro, Luigi 295, 310–11; Discorsi della vita sobria 309–11
Cotter, Patrick 178
Courier Français 26
Cracow, Monster of 6–7
craniometry see skulls
Crawfurd, John 273, 274, 275, 286
cretins/cretinism 194–6, 197, 198, 352; myxedematous 195, 195
Cro-Magnon man 191
Cushing’s disease 263–4
Cuvier, Baron Georges 26, 46, 101
Cyclopes 68–9, 70, 70–1
cyclopia/cyclopic children 67–9, 71–3, 72, 74, 74–5, 78–9, 83
CYP26A1 (gene) 80, 82
Daru, the see Taron, the
Darwin, Charles: The descent of man 267, 286, 287, 349–51; The variation of animals and plants under domestication 131–2
de Camio Scipion, Via?eslav Michailovi? 122
‘Derbyshire neck’ 197
dermis: and hair 278–80
Devonian swamp-beasts 132–3
Devonshire, Duke and Duchess of 174, 177
DHT see dihydroxytestosterone
diabetes (type 2) 339
diet: and growth 209–11; and longevity 309–13, 325
digits (fingers; toes) 117, 121, 122–4, 128; extra see Polydactyly; fused 128,141; missing 128; webbed 117
dihydroxytestosterone (DHT) 238, 244, 284
Disorganisation (mouse mutant) 96–7