53. Defoe, Tour, 1,308; PG, Nov. 1, 1733; Dobson, Death and Disease, 245.
54. J. W. Goethe, Italian Journey, 1786–1788 (New York, 1968), 347; P. E. H. Hair, "Deaths from Violence in Britain: A Tentative Secular Survey," Population Studies 25 (1971), 5-24.
55. Peter Borsay, The English Urban Renaissance: Culture and Society in the Provincial Town 1660–1770 (Oxford, 1989), 3—11; Christopher R. Friedrichs, The Early Modem City, 1450–1750 (London, 1995), 20–21.
56. Raffaella Sarti, Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture, 1500–1800, trans. Allan Cameron (New Haven, 2002), 109–111.
57. Aug. 16, 1693, Michael Hunter and Annabel Gregory, eds., An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century: Samuel Jeake of Rye, 1652–1699 (Oxford, 1988), 224; Elborg Forster, ed. and trans., A Woman's Life in the Court of the Sun King. Letters ofLiselotte von der Pfalz, 1652–1722 (Baltimore, 1984), 246; Some Bedfordshire Diaries (Streatley, Eng., 1960), 8.
58. June 30,1766, Diary of Mr. Tracy and Mr. Dentand, 1766, Bodl., 14; John Spranger, A Proposal or Plan for an Act of Parliament for the Better Paving Lighting and Cleaning the Streets… (London, 1754); Paul Zumthor, Daily Life in Rembrandt's Holland (New York, 1963), 23–24; Walter King, "How High Is Too High? Disposing of Dung in Seventeenth-Century Prescot," Sixteenth Century Journal 23 (1992), 446–447; James Clifford, "Some Aspects of London Life in the Mid-18th Century," in Paul Fritz and David Williams, eds., City & Society in the 18th Century (Toronto, 1973), 19–38; Sarti, Europeat Home, trans. Cameron, 110–114.
59. Martin Lister, A Journey to Paris in the Year 1698 (London, 1699), 24; Marcelin Defoumeaux, Daily Life in Spain. The Golden Age, trans. Newton Branch (New York, 1971), 63; G. M. Trevelyan, English Social History, a Survey of Six Centuries: Chaucer to Queen Victoria (New York, 1965), 438; G. E. Rodmell, ed., "An Englishman's Impressions of France in 1775," Durham University Journal (1967), 85; Joseph Palmer, A Four Months Tour through France (London, 1776), II, 58–60; Bargellini, "Vita Nottuma," 80; A H. de Oliveira, Daily Life in Portugal in the Late Middle Ages (Madison, Wise., 1971), 101–102,141.
60. Mar. 17, 1709, Sewall, Diary, II, 616; Thomas Pennant, The Journey from Chester to London (London, 1782), 166; June 30, 1666, Pepys, Diary, VII, 188; WJ, Jan. 2, 1725; James K. Hosmer, ed., Winthrop's Journaclass="underline" "History of New England," 1630–1649 (New York, 1908), II, 355.
61. Burton E. Stevenson, The Home Book of Proverbs, Maxims and Familiar Phrases (New York, 1948), 1686; Cotton Mather, Frontiers Well-Defended: An Essay, to Direct the Frontiers of a Countrey Exposed unto the Incursions of a Barbarous Enemy (Boston, 1707), 14; Oct. 19,1691, Sewall, Diary, I, 283; Vito Fumagalli, Landscapes of Fear: Perceptions of Nature and the City in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, 1994), 136–148.
62. A General Collection of Discourses of the Virtuosi of France, upon Question of All Sorts of Philosophy, and other Natural Knowledge…, trans. G. Havers (London, 1664), 204.
1. Jean Delumeau, La Peur en Occident, XlVe — XVIIIe Siecles: Une Cite Assiegee (Paris, 1978), 90.
2. P. M. Mitchell, trans., Selected Essays of Ludvig Holberg (Westport, Ct., 1976), 51; John Worlidge, Systema Agriculturae; The Mystery of Husbandry Discovered… (1675; rpt. edn., Los Angeles, 1970), 220; Lawrence Wright, Warm and Snug: The History of the Bed (London, 1962), 120.
3. Sara Tilghman Nalle, Mad for God: Bartolomé Sanchez, the Secret Messiah of Cardenete (Charlottesville, Va., 2001), 129; Samuel Rowlands, The Night-Raven (London, 1620); The Ordinary of Newgate, His Account of the Behaviour, Confession, and Dying Words, of the Malefactors Who were Executed at Tyburn, Nov. 7, 1750,10.
4. Marjorie Keniston McIntosh, Controlling Misbehavior in England, 1370–1600 (Cambridge, 1998), 66–67; Jutte, Poverty, 163; F. Alteri, Dizionario Italiano ed Inglese… (London, 1726); Paul Griffiths, "Meanings of Nightwalking in Early Modem England," Seventeenth Century 13 (1998), 213,216–217.
5. OBP, Jan. 15–18, 1748, 54; Midnight the Signaclass="underline" In Sixteen Letters to a Lady of Quality (n. p., 1779), I, 9, passim; John Crowne, Henry the Sixth, the First Part… (London, 1681), 18; Griffiths, "Nightwalking," 217–238.
6. OBP, May 17,1727, 6.
7. Для знакомства с обширной литературой о преступности в раннее Новое время см.: J. A Sharpe, Crime in Early Modern England 1550–1750 (London, 1984); Joanna Innés and John Styles, "The Crime Wave: Recent Writings on Crime and Criminal Justice in Eighteenth-Century England," Journal of British Studies 25 (1986), 380–435; Ruff, Violence.
8. Kyd, The Spanish Tragédie (London, 1592); Watts, Works, II, 190.
9. Hadrianus Junius, The Nomenclator… (London, 1585), 425; The Works of Monsieur Boileau (London, 1712), 1,199; Heywood, Diaries, II, 286; OBP, Sept. 7,1737,163, S. Pole, "Crime, Society and Law Enforcement in Hanoverian Somerset" (Ph. D. diss., Cambridge Univ., 1983), 302–303; Julius Ralph Ruff, "Crime, Justice, and Public Order in France, 1696–1788: the Sénéchausée of Libourne" (Ph. D. diss., Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1979), 238; Select Trials, II, 234; Beattie, Crime, 167–192.
10. Sept. 8, 1666, Aug. 21,1665, Pepys, Diary, VU, 282, VI, 200; OBP, Sept. 6-11, 1738, 146; M. Dorothy George, London Life in the 18th Century (New York, 1965), 10–11; Beattie, Crime, 148–154.
11. Jeremy Black, British Abroad: The Grand Tour in the Eighteenth Century (New York, 1992), 177; Joseph Jacobs, ed., Epistolae Ho-Elianeae: The Familiary Letters of James Howell… (London, 1900), 45; DUR, Dec. 26, 1788; Marcelin Defoumeaux, Daily Life in Spain: The Golden Age, trans. Newton Branch (New York, 1971), 68; Moryson, Itinerary, 1,141.
12. An Effectual Scheme for the Immediate Preventing of Street Robberies, and Suppressing All Other Disorders of the Night… (London, 1731) 65; Colm Lennon, Richard Stanyhurst the Dubliner, 1547–1618 (Blackrock, Ire., 1981), 148; Beattie, Crime, 180–181; J. A. Sharpe, Crime in Seventeenth-Century England: A County Study (Cambridge, 1983), 103.
13. Richard Head, The Canting Academy; or Villanies Discovered… (London, 1674), 69; Thomas Evans, Feb. 8, 1773, Assi 45/31/1/78; Ann Maury, Memoirs of a Huguenot Family… from the Original Autobiography of Rev. James Fontaine… (New York, 1852), 303; Beattie, Crime, 152–161; Alan Macfarlane, The Justice and the Mare's Ale: Law and Disorder in Seventeenth-Century England (Oxford, 1981), 136–140; James A. Sharpe, "Criminal Organization in Rural England 1550–1750," in G. Ortalli, ed., Bande Armate, Banditti, Banditisme (Rome, 1986), 125–140.
14. William Lithgow, The Totall Discourse of the Rare Adven tures & Painefull Peregrinations… (Glasgow, 1906), 310; Ruff, Violence, 31, 64–65, 217–239; Pierre Goubert, The Ancien Régime: French Society 1600–1750, trans. Steve Сох (London, 1973), 104; Uwe Danker, "Bandits and the State: Robbers and the Authorities in the Holy Römern Empire in the Late Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries," in Richard J. Evans, ed., The German Underworld: Deviants and Outcasts in German History (London, 1988), 75— 107.
15. OBP, Jan. 17–20,1750, 30, Dec. 7—12,1743,82, Jan. 12,1733,45; B., Discolliminium: or a Most Obedient Reply to a Late Book… (London, 1650).
16. William Keatinge Clay, ed., Private Prayers, Put Forth by Authority during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth (Cambridge, 1851), 444; Sir Edward Coke, The Third Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England… (1628; rpt. edn., New York, 1979), 63; Sir William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, ed. William Draper Lewis (Philadelphia, 1902), IV, 1615; Beattie, Crime, 163–165.
17. Head, Canting Academy, 179; Eric Partridge, ed., A Dictionary of the Underworld (Ware, Eng., 1989), 43, 469; John Poulter, The Discoveries of John Poulter (London, 1753), 43; Jan. 30,1665, Pepys, Diary, VI, 25.
18. OBP, Jan. 16,1734,55; Beattie, Crime, 163; WJ, July 20, 1728.
19. July 11,1664, Pepys, Diary, V, 201; Hanging, Not Punishment Enough, for Murtherers, High-way Men, and House-Breakers (London, 1701), 6.
20. OBP, Dec. 10–13,1707; Select Trials, 1,306; Michel Porret, Le Crime et ses Circonstances. De l'Esprit de l'Arbitraire au Siècle des Lumières selon les Réquisitoires des Procureurs Genève (Geneva, 1995), 258; Beattie, Crime, 164–165.
21. Mill, A Nights Search: Discovering the Nature and Condition of all Sorts of Night-Walkers… (London, 1639); Awnsham Churchill, comp., A Collection of Voyages and Travels… (London, 1746), VI, 726; Beattie, Crime, 161–167; Sharpe, Seventeenth-Century Crime, 107; A New Journey to France (London, 1715), 85; Henry Swinburne, Travels Through Spain, in the Years 1775 and 1776… (London, 1779), 1,348–350.
22. John L. McMullan, The Canting Crew; London's Criminal Underworld, 1550–1700 (New Brunswick, N.J., 1984), 162; A Warning for House-Keepers… (London, 1676), 4; Hey-wood, Diaries, III, 206; Cynthia B. Herrup, The Common Peace: Participation and the Criminal Law in Seventeenth-Century England (Cambridge, 1987), 27,30–31,170–171; Ruff, Violence, 221–224; George Huppert, After the Black Death: A Social History of Early Modern Europe (Bloomington, Ind., 1986), 107–109.
23. Florike Egmond, Underworlds: Organized Crime in the Netherlands 1650–1800 (Cambridge, 1993), 33, 188–191; Schindler, Rebellion, 222; Ruff, Violence, 221; Albrecht Keller, ed., A Hangman's Diary: Being the Journal of Master Franz Schmidt, Public Executioner of Nuremberg, 1573–1617, trans. С. V. Calvert and A W. Grüner (Montclair, N. J., 1973), 130.
24. Elisabeth Crouzet-Pavan, "Potere Politico e Spazio Sociale: It Controllo Delia Notte a Venezia nei Secoli XIII–XV," in Mario Sbriccoli, ed., La Notte: Ordine, Sicurezza e Disciplinamento in Età Moderna (Florence, 1991), 48; Daniel Defoe, Street-Robberies Consider'd… (1728; rpt. edn., Stockton, N. J., 1973), 68; Alan Williams, The Police of Paris, 1718–1789 (Baton Rouge, 1979), 287.
25. Dekker, Writings, 193; The Confession &c. of Thomas Mount… (Portsmouth, N. H., [1791?]), 19; Select Trials, II, 236; Charles Dorrington, Feb. 10,1764, Assi 45/27/2/125; OBP, Jan. 15–19,1742,31, Sept. 6,1732,188; Select Trials, 1,303.
26. John Nelson, Aug. 25,1738, Assi 45/21/3/126.
27. OBP, May 15–17,1746,149.
28. OBP, June 28—July 2,1744,159, Apr. 25–30,1750,68, July 11–14,1750,87; Macfarlane, Justice and the Mare's Ale, 132; OBP, Dec. 5-10,1744, 7, Dec. 5-10,1744,142.