Arnfinn Thorfinnsson
Havard Thorfinnsson
Ljot Thorfinnsson
Hlodver Thorfinnsson
c. 985–1014 – Sigurd the Stout
1014–18 – Sumarlidi
1014–20 – Einar Falsemouth
1014–c. 1030 – Brusi
c. 1020–65 – Thorfinn the Mighty
1037–46 – Rognvald
1065–98 – Paul
1065–98 – Erlend
1098–1103 – Sigurd (king of Norway 1103–30)
DUKES OF NORMANDY
911–c. 928 – Rollo
c. 928–42 – William Longsword
942–96 – Richard I
996–1026 – Richard II
1026–27 – Richard III
1027–35 – Robert the Magnificent
1035–87 – William the Conqueror (king of England 1066–87)
1087–1106 – Robert Curthose
PRINCES OF KIEVAN RUS
c. 860–79 – Rurik (semi-legendary ruler of Novgorod)
c. 879–913 – Oleg
913–45 – Igor
945–72 – Svyatoslav I
972–80 – Yaropolk I
980–1015 – Vladimir I
1015–19 – Svyatopolk I
1019–54 – Yaroslav the Wise
Muscovite branch of the dynasty survives until 1598
Further Reading
PRIMARY SOURCES IN TRANSLATION
ANNALS, CHRONICLES, LIVES AND LETTERS
Adam of Bremen, History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen, trans. F. J. Tschan (New York, 1959)
Allott, S. (trans.), Alcuin of York: His Life and Letters (York, 1974).
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, trans. M. Swanton (London, 1996).
Annals of Fulda, trans. T. Reuter (Manchester, 1992).
Annals of St Bertin, trans. J. L. Nelson (Manchester, 1991).
Annals of Ulster, trans. S. Mac Airt and G. Mac Niocaill (Dublin, 1983).
Book of the Icelanders (Íslendingabók) by Ari Thorgilsson, ed. and trans. H. Hermannsson (Islandica 20, Cornell University Library, New York, 1930).
Book of Settlements: Landnámabók, trans. H. Pálsson and P. Edwards (Winnipeg, 1972).
Chronicles of the Kings of Man and the Isles, ed. and trans. G. Broderick (Douglas, Isle of Man, 1995).
Dudo of St Quentin: History of the Normans, trans. H. Christiansen (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1998).
Encomium Emmae Regina, ed. and trans. A. Campbell, Camden Society 3rd Series 72 (London, 1947, reprint 1998).
Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway, trans. L. M. Hollander (Austin, Texas 1964).
Ibn Fadlan and the Land of Darkness: Arab Travellers in the Far North, trans. P. Lund and Stone (Penguin, 2012)
Keynes, S. and Lapidge, M. (trans), Alfred the Great: Asser’s Life of King Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources (Harmondsworth, 1983).
King, P. D. (trans.), Charlemagne: Translated Sources (Lambrigg, Cumbria, 1987).
Orkneyinga Saga, trans. M. Magnusson and H. Pálsson (London, 1978).
Rimbert, Life of St Ansgar: translated in C. H. Robinson, Anskar, Apostle of the North, 801-65: Translated from the Vita Anskarii by Bishop Rimbert, his fellow Missionary and Successor (London, 1921).
Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text, ed. and trans. S. H. Cross and O. P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Medieval Academy of America Publications 60 (Cambridge, Mass., 1953).
Scholz, B. W. and Rogers, B. (trans), Carolingian Chronicles (Ann Arbor, 1972).
Somerville, A. A. and McDonald, R. A., The Viking Age: a reader (Toronto, 2010)
The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill, ed. and trans. J. H. Todd (London, 1867, Cambridge University Press reprint 2012).
Whitelock, D. (ed. and trans.), English Historical Documents, Vol. 1 c. 500–1042 (2nd edn, London, 1979).
Vikings in Russia: Yngvar’s Saga and Eymund’s Saga, trans. H. Pálsson and P. Edwards (Edinburgh, 1989).
Vinland Sagas, trans. M. Magnusson and H. Pálsson (Harmondsworth, 1965).
SAGAS OF ICELANDERS
Egil’s Saga, trans. H. Pálsson and P. Edwards (Harmondsworth, 1977).
Eyrbyggja Saga, trans. H. Pálsson and P. Edwards (Edinburgh, 1973).
Göngu-Hrolf’s Saga, trans. H. Pálsson & P. Edwards (Edinburgh, 1980).
Laxdæla Saga, trans. by M. Magnusson & H. Pálsson (Harmondsworth, 1969).
Njal’s Saga, trans. M. Magnusson and H. Pálsson (Harmondsworth, 1960).
Saga of Grettir the Strong, trans. G. A. Hight, edited and introduced by Peter Foote (London, 1965).
POETRY, LEGEND AND MYTHOLOGY
Beowulf: a new translation, Seamus Heaney (Faber and Faber, London, 2000).
Battle of Maldon, ed. and trans. B. Griffiths (Hockwold-cum-Wilton, Norfolk, 1995).
Hollander, L. M. (trans.), The Skalds, a Selection of Their Poems, with Introduction and Notes (2nd edn, Ithaca N.Y., 1968);
Poetic Edda, translated by C. Larrington (Oxford, 1996).
Saga of the Volsungs: the Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer, trans. J. L. Byock (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1990).
Saxo Grammaticus: The History of the Danes, Books I-IX, ed. H. Ellis Davidson, trans. P. Fisher (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1996).
Snorri Sturluson, Edda, trans. A. Faulkes (London, 1987).
SECONDARY SOURCES
The following is a selective list for the general reader, concentrating on recent works in English only. Readers of the Scandinavian (and other) languages are referred to the extensive bibliographies in Roesdahl and Wilson (1992).
GENERAL SURVEYS
Ferguson, R., The Vikings (London-New York, 2009).
Foote, P. G. and Wilson, D. M., The Viking Achievement (2nd revised edn, London, 1980).
Forte, A., Oram, R., and Pedersen, F., Viking Empires (Cambridge, 2005).
Graham-Campbell, J., The Viking World (2nd, rev. edn., London, 1989).
Haywood, J., The Vikings (Stroud, Gloucestershire, 1999).
Hall, R., Exploring the World of the Vikings (London, 2007).
Jones, G., A History of the Vikings (Oxford, 1968).
Roesdahl, E. and Wilson, D. M. (eds), From Viking to Crusader: Scandinavia and Europe 800-1200 (Copenhagen, 1992).
Sawyer, P. H., (ed.), The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings (Oxford, 1997).
Wilson, D. M., The Vikings and their Origins (3rd rev. edn, London, 1989).
HISTORICAL ATLASES
Graham-Campbell, J. (ed.), Cultural Atlas of the Viking World (London and New York, 1994).
Haywood, J., The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings (London, 1995).