107 “I reached here last night”: Robert E. Lee to Mary Lee, September 21, 1846, Debutts-Ely Letters, Library of Congress.
108 He was accompanied by his “faithful”: Robert E. Lee Jr., Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee (New York: Doubleday, Page, 1924), 5.
108 Connally took care: Ibid.; Reverend J. William Jones, Life and Letters of Robert E. Lee: Soldier and Man (New York: Neale, 1906), 50.
110 This was cautious, but unnecessary: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 208; Wikipedia, “Mexican-American War,” 8.
110 To Wool’s dismay: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 211.
113 Worth was a fiery hero: Ibid., 53.
117 “the largest amphibious invasion yet attempted”: John Eisenhower, So Far from God: The U.S. War in Mexico, 1846–1848 (New York: Anchor, 1990), 255.
117 His incredibly detailed plans: Ibid., 253–54.
117 They were “the first specially built”: K. Jack Bauer, Surfboats and Horse Marines: U.S. Naval Operations in the Mexican War 1846–1848 (Annapolis, Md.: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1969), 66.
120 Dust clouds in the distance: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 214.
120 Lee picked “the son”: Ibid., 215.
120 Lee’s cavalry escort: Ibid.
120 “on a hill not far away”: Ibid.
121 “This Mexican was the most delighted”: Ibid., 216.
121 Lee had ridden: Ibid.
121 The incident apparently: Ibid.
122 Although Scott couched his demand: Winfield Scott, Memoirs of Lieut.-General Scott, LL.D. Written by Himself (New York: Sheldon, 1864), Vol. 2, 403.
122 A second problem was that Scott: Ibid., 402.
122 “a great disappointment”: Ibid.
122 “I had now”: Ibid., 403.
123 For the moment: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 219.
124 From the sea Tampico: Ibid., 220.
124 Scott had been informed: Scott, Memoirs, Vol. 2, 413.
125 Lee was one of the few: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 221.
125 “a gently curving strip”: Bauer, Surfboats and Horse Marines, 77.
125 The landing was scheduled: Ibid., 78.
126 Lee witnessed the landing: Scott, Memoirs, Vol. 2, 419.
126 “were considered . . . to be among the strongest”: Bauer, Surfboats and Horse Marines, 83.
126 The wall around: Ibid.
127 As “Scott’s protégé”: Allan Peskin, Winfield Scott and the Profession of Arms (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2003), 155, 156.
127 “a lurid glare”: Ibid., 157.
128 “but hidden from its view”: Ibid.
128 Lee built the battery: Bauer, Surfboats and Horse Marines, 92.
128 Lee found the sailors: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 230.
129 “unconscious of personal danger”: Ibid., 231.
129 “No matter where I turned”: Fitzhugh Lee, General Lee (New York: Appleton, 1913), 36–37; Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 231.
129 The hellish exchange: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 158.
129 On March 25 the city’s: Scott, Memoirs, Vol. 2, 427; Eisenhower, So Far from God, 264.
129 Mexico’s “principal port”: Scott, Memoirs, Vol. 2, 428.
130 “It was awful”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 231.
130 As Lee looked: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 159.
130 Of these, the better road: Ibid., 162.
130 This road crossed: Ibid.
131 In Washington, President Polk: Ibid., 174.
131 Worth’s behavior: Ethan Allen Hitchcock, Fifty Years in Camp and Field (New York: Putnam, 1909), 130.
132 Two days out of Vera Cruz: Justin H. Smith, The War with Mexico (St. Petersburg, Fla.: Red and Black, 2011), 47; Peskin, Winfield Scott, 162.
132 The troops applauded: Scott, Memoirs, Vol. 2, 432.
133 “that indefatigable engineer”: Smith, The War with Mexico, 50.
134 “The right of the Mexican line”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 239.
134 One of Twiggs’s engineers: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 163.
134 there were Mexican troops: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 239.
135 More soldiers came and went: Ibid., 240.
135 “He did not reach”: Ibid., 241.
136 Worth was still sulking: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 149.
136 The spirit of the senior officers: Ibid.
136 It was a grueling: Smith, The War with Mexico, 51.
136 The intention had been: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 242–43.
136 “You infernal scoundrel”: Ibid., 243.
137 “Charge them to hell”: Ibid.
137 Twiggs had sacrificed: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 148.
138 “Her plaintive tone”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, 291.
138 The only part of Scott’s plan: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 167.
138 Over 1,000 Mexican soldiers: Ibid.; Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 246.
139 “Nor was he less conspicuous”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 248.
139 The landscape delighted: The Robert E. Lee Reader, Stanley F. Horn, ed. (Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill, 1949), 58.
140 Lee busied himself: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 250.
140 “strongly occupied”: Ibid.
141 In desperation, Scott determined: Scott, Memoirs, Vol. 2, 460.
141 “the gorgeous seat”: Ibid., 466–67.
141 More important: Ibid., 469.
143 “passable for infantry”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 256.
143 Lee concluded that if the Mexicans: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 178.
144 Again serving as a kind of trailblazer: Ibid., 179.
144 Lee stayed with the artillery: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 260.
144 “screw [their] courage”: Shakespeare, Macbeth, I, vii, 59.
144 He was among the first to recognize: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 260.
145 The attacks against General Valencia’s center: Ibid., 261.
146 Lee set out at eight o’clock: Ibid., 263.
146 “drenched and sore”: Ibid., 264.
146 For several minutes: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 181.
146 “the greatest feat”: Ibid., 180.
147 The center of the Mexican position: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 267.
147 “Our troops being now hotly”: Henry Alexander White, Robert E. Lee (New York: Greenwood, 1969), 42; Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 269.
148 The fight at the fortified convent: Timothy Johnson, A Gallant Little Army: The Mexico City Campaign (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2007), 180.
148 He had lost over: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 182.
149 The general made his headquarters: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 273.
149 “on slightly elevated ground”: Ibid., 274.
150 Accompanied by two other engineering officers: Ibid., 276.
150 He spent September 9: Ibid.
151 The volunteers had been formed: Ibid., 279.
152 “wild, looting and hunting”: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 188.
153 He made his way back: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 285.
154 Lee never lost confidence: Ibid., 292.
154 No fewer than seventy-eight: Johnson, A Gallant Little Army, 291.
154 He returned home: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, 294.
CHAPTER 5 A Long Peace—1848–1860
158 The family dog Spec: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1934), Vol. 1, 301.
158 “After a moment’s greeting”: Robert E. Lee Jr., Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1924), 4.
158 “as much annoyance”: Ibid., 6.
158 “always petting her”: Ibid.
158 “From that early time”: Ibid.
161 He was influenced: Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Reading the Man: A Portrait of Robert E. Lee Through His Private Letters (New York: Viking, 2007), 229.
163 He felt anger: Gamaliel Bradford, Lee the American (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1927), 225.
164 “Lee not only loved”: Ibid., 214; Reverend J. William Jones, Life and Letters of Robert E. Lee: Soldier and Man (New York: Neale, 1906), 94.
164 “My heart quails within me”: Bradford, Lee the American, 212.
165 “frugal and thrifty”: Ibid.
166 Lee’s duties at the War Department: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 302.
167 As usual, his work progressed: Ibid., 306.
167 “The Cuban revolutionary junta”: Ibid.
167 Daily labor overseeing: Ibid.