Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Napoleonic Wars”. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www. britannica. com/event/Napoleonic-Wars.
British Parliament Archives. “European Council”. Accessed July 28, 2020. https://api. parliament. uk/historic-hansard/commons/1982/jul/01/european-council#S6CV0026P0_19820701_HOC_153.
Brunnstrom, David. “Tillerson: Evidence Sanctions ‘Really Starting to Hurt’ North Korea”. Reuters, January 17, 2018. https://www. reuters. com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-tillerson/tillerson-evidence-sanctions-really-starting-to-hurt-north-korea-idUSKBN1F62UV.
Brunsden, Jim, Sam Fleming, and Philip Stafford. “EU Sets Out Plans to Curb Reliance on Dollar in Post-Trump Era”. Financial Times, January 16, 2021. https://www. ft. com/content/20f39e33-e360–479e‐82e2–5441d24f0e0b.
Burton, Melanie. “Rio Tinto Stands to Win from Rusal Sanctions; U. S. Consumers to Lose”. Reuters, April 9, 2018, https://www. reuters. com/article/us-rusal-sanctions-aluminium/rio-tinto-stands-to-win-from-rusal-sanctions-u-s-consumers-to-lose-idUSKBN1HG1NL.
Burton, Melanie, Yuka Obayashi, and Aaron Sheldrick. “How Rare Earth Shocks Lifted an Upstart Australian Mining Company”. Reuters, December 17, 2019. https://www. reuters. com/article/us-rareearths-lynas-focus-idUSKBN1YL0R0.
Butler, Declan. “How US Sanctions Are Crippling Science in Iran”. Nature 574 (October 2019): 13–14, https://media. nature. com/original/magazine-assets/d41586–019–02795-y/d41586–019–02795-y. pdf.
Cal Fire. “Current Year Statistics”. Accessed October 12, 2020. https://www. fire. ca. gov/stats-events.
Campanella, Miriam. “Far-reaching Consequences of U. S. Financial Sanctions”. Robert Triffin International. June 2019. http://triffininternational. eu/publications/articles-papers/1285-far-reaching-consequences-of-u-s-financial-sanctions-the-dollar-shortage-and-the-triffin-moment.
Caryl, Christian. “Why Treasury’s ‘Oligarch List’ Is Driving Russian Tycoons Crazy”. Forbes, January 30, 2018. https://www. washingtonpost. com/news/democracy-post/wp/2018/01/30/why-the-treasurys-oligarch-list-is-driving-russian-tycoons-crazy.
Center for Constitutional Rights. “Filartiga v. Pena-Irala”. Accessed March 27, 2021. https://ccrjustice. org/home/what-we-do/our-cases/fil-rtiga-v-pe-irala.
Center for Strategic and International Studies. “Does China Pose a Threat to Global Rare Earth Supply Chains?” Accessed October 14, 2020. https://chinapower. csis. org/china-rare-earths.
Center for Strategic and International Studies. “Notes from a CSIS Virtual Event: American Leadership in Semiconductor Manufacturing”. October 13, 2020. https://csis-website-prod. s3. amazonaws. com/s3fs-ublic/event/201014_Leadership_Semiconductor_Manufacturing. pdf.
Center for Strategic and International Studies. “Notes from a CSIS Virtual Event: Strategic Competition and the U. S. Semiconductor Industry”. July 23, 2020. https://csis-website-prod. s3. amazonaws. com/s3fs-public/event/200724_Semiconductor_Industry. pdf.
Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). “COVID‐19 Dashboard”. Accessed April 18, 2022. https://coronavirus. jhu. edu/map. html.
Chabrol, Denis. “Oldendorff Closing Bauxite Transshipment Operations in Guyana Due to US Sanctions Against RUSAL”. Demerara Waves. April 19, 2018. https://demerarawaves. com/2018/04/19/oldendorff-closing-bauxite-transshipment-operations-in-guyana-due-to-us-sanctions-against-rusal.
Chan, Veta. “ ‘An Absolute Necessity’: Why This Expert Says China Desperately Needs a Digital Currency”. Fortune, July 30, 2020. https://fortune. com/2020/07/30/china-digital-currency-renminnbi-cbdc.
Chatterjee, Saikat. “Exclusive — China’s Payments System Scaled Back; Trade Deals Only: Sources”. Reuters, July 13, 2015. https://uk. reuters. com/article/uk-china-yuan-payments/exclusive-chinas-payments-system-scaled-back-trade-deals-only-sources-idUKKCN‐0PN0P020150713.
Chen, Qian. “The Good, the Bad and the Ugly of a Chinese State-Backed Digital Currency”. CNBC, November 22, 2019. https://www. cnbc. com/2019/11/22/chinese-crypto-beijing-sees-opportunity-but-concerns-linger. html.
Cheng, Evelyn. “China’s Digital Yuan Notches $8.3 Billion in Transactions in 6 Months, Taking a Tiny Share of Payments”. CNBC, January 18, 2022. https://www. cnbc. com/2022/01/18/chinas-digital-yuan-notches‐8point3-billion-transactions-in-half-a-year. html.
Cheng, Evelyn. “China’s Renminbi Could Become the World’s Third Largest Reserve Currency in 10 Years, Morgan Stanley Predicts”. CNBC, September 4, 2020. https://www. cnbc. com/2020/09/04/chinas-renminnbi-rmb-to-become-third-largest-reserve-currency-by‐2030-morgan-stanley. html.
Chew, Wei. “The Future of China’s Blockchain Industry”. Medium. May 22, 2018. https://medium. com/hackernoon/the-future-of-chinas-blockchain-industry‐7a1c37abcef.
Cnet. com. “Interior Department Grounds Drone Fleet Amid Concerns of Chinese Spying”. January 29, 2020. https://www. cnet. com/news/interior-department-officially-grounds-drones-made-in-china.
Cohen, Luc, and Carina Pons. “New Venezuela Sanctions Protect Citgo, Encourage Debt Talks: Opposition”. Reuters, August 6, 2019. https://www. reuters. com/article/us-venezuela-politics-usa-citgo/new-venezuela-sanctions-protect-citgo-encourage-debt-talks-opposition-idUSKCN1UW1YK.
CoinMarketCap. “Top 10 °Cryptocurrencies by Market Capitalization”. Accessed May 13, 2022. https://coinmarketcap. com.
Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. London: Penguin, 2004.
Congressman Jared Huffman. “House Senate Members Call on President Trump to End Sanctions Against Iran During Covid‐19”. Accessed May 13, 2020. https://huffman. house. gov/media-center/press-releases/house-and-senate-members-call-on-president-trump-to-end-sanctions-against-iran-during-covid‐19.
Council on Foreign Relations. “Assessing China’s Digital Silk Road Initiative”. Accessed March 13, 2021. https://www. cfr. org/china-digital-silk-road.
Crawford, Nicholas. “Defending Against Economic Statecraft: China, the US and the Rest”. International Institute for Strategic Studies. October 2020. https://www. iiss. org/blogs/analysis/2020/10/economic-statecraft-china-us.
Crooks, Ed, and Jack Farchy. “Exxon Considers Its Course After Sanctions Hit Russian Ambitions”. Financial Times, September 30, 2014. https://www. ft. com/content/586ae5c0–487c‐11e4-ad19–00144feab7de.
Crow, Kelly. “How Two Sanctioned Russian Billionaire Brothers Bought Art Anyway”. Wall Street Journal, July 29, 2020. https://www. wsj. com/articles/how-two-sanctioned-russian-billionaire-brothers-bought-art-anyway‐11596035186.
Cunningham, Erin. “As Coronavirus Cases Explode in Iran, U. S. Sanctions Hinder Its Access to Drugs and Medical Equipment”. Washington Post, March 29, 2020. https://www. washingtonpost. com/world/middle_east/as-coronavirus-cases-explode-in-iran-us-sanctions-hinder-its-access-to-drugs-and-medical-equipment/2020/03/28/0656a196–6aba‐11ea-b199–3a9799c54512_story. html.
Cunningham, Erin. “Fresh Sanctions on Iran Are Already Choking Off Medicine Imports, Economists Say”. Washington Post, November 17, 2018. https://www. washingtonpost. com/world/middle_east/fresh-sanctions-on-iran-are-already-choking-off-medicine-imports-economists-say/2018/11/17/c94ce574-e763–11e8–8449–1ff263609a31_story. html.
Dallas, Rita. “Britain Orders Firms to Defy Pipeline Ban”. Washington Post, August 3, 1982.