Narkomtyazhprom (People’s Commissariat for Heavy Machine-Building), 277
Nartov, Andrey, 27
Naryanmarneftegaz LLC, 336–37, 354
Nationalization of oil industry, 164–69, 171, 174, 180–81, 183, 340
National liberation movements, 310
Natural gas, 36, 332, 333, 334, 337, 339, 342
Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 366–67
Nazaretyzn, Amayak, 191
Nazi Germany, 263, 268, 271, 274
Neft, 1
Neftechala, 269
Neftegaztekhnologiya, 343
Neftemashvnedreniye, 343
Neftesindikat. See All-Union Oil Trading Syndicate
Neft Petroleum Products Production, Transportation, Storage and Trading Partnership, 95–96, 148
Neftyanoyo delo, 103, 118, 132, 135, 136, 154
Neftyanyye Kamni, 281
Nenets Autonomous District, 336
NEP. See New Economic Policy
Netherlands, 347
Newcastle Benzol Company, 222
New Caucasian Oilfield Company, 199
New Economic Policy (NEP), 175, 206, 210, 215, 227, 251
New Grozny District, 195, 237
New Zealand, 226
Nibel gas field, 276
Nicholas I, Emperor, 32
Nicholas II, Emperor, 109, 118, 122, 139–41, 152–53, 410–11
NICO, 364
Nihon Sekyo, 223
Nikitin, Sergey, 127
Nikitin, Vasily, 267, 271
Nikolayev (Grozny merchant), 116
Nippon Oil Corp., 347, 380
NIS (Naftna Industrija Srbije), 354–55
Nizhnevartovsk–Kuybyshev oil pipeline, 300
NKID (People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs), 168, 188
NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs), 272
NKVT (People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade), 206
Nobel, Alfred, 85–87, 108
Nobel, Emanuel, 107–9, 411–12
Nobel, Ludvig, 84–87, 109, 412–14
Nobel, Robert E., 84–88
Nobel Brothers Petroleum Production Partnership, 84–88, 106–10, 113, 119, 126–27, 129, 137, 149, 154, 167, 228
Nobel Corporation in Russia, 85
Noble & Co., 44
NordStream AG, 372–73
Norkin, Grigory, 292
Norman-Bott, William, 118
Northern Energy, 343
North Sakhalin Oil Joint-Stock Company, 223
Nosal, Varvara, 248
Novorossiya Province, 41
Novoselsky, Nikolay, 46
Novosibirsk–Irkutsk pipeline, 288
Novosiltsev, Ardalion Nikolayevich, 61–65
Novy Port gas field, 292
N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie, 372
O
O’Brien, Peter, 341
Ob River, 296
Obruchev, Vladimir, 276
Ob Valley, 293, 343
Octane-boosting additives, 273
October 17 Alliance, 142, 143
October Revolution, 159–61, 169
Octobrists, 140
Odessa, 41, 42, 277, 278
Odessa Cracking Refinery, 279–80
Odoptu field, 346
Offshore areas, 332, 333, 346–51
OGPU (Joint State Political Directorate), 238–43, 258–59
Oil and gas associations, 326
Oil concessions, 99, 124, 193–98, 201–4, 206–7, 221, 223–24, 228, 230, 233
Oil Industry Workers Union, 137–39
Oil prices, world, 315, 328, 330, 369
Oil production, 304
1863-1872 (table), 77
1873-1877 (table), 81
1878-1888 (table), 94
1889-1892 (table), 108
in 1898, 128
1898-1904 (table), 134
1906-1912 (table), 147
1913-1917 (table), 151
1927-1932 (table), 254
1933-1940 (table), 260
1945-1950 (table), 281
1945-1965 (tables), 286, 287
in 1990s, 324
in early 1920s, 205, 209–10
and events of 1905, 137, 144
peak of, 330
Oil reserves, total, 339
Oil tankers, 225
Okha–Komsomolsk-on-Amur pipeline, 281
Okhinskoye oil field, 117
Okhura Kochyo, 223
Oklahoma, 303
Oleg Svyatoslavovich, Prince, 8
Oleonaphthas, 102
Ölschläger, Adam, 6
Omsk–Irkutsk pipeline, 288
OMV, 375
ONGK Videsh Ltd., 346
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), 381
Operation Barbarossa, 264–65, 268
Opochinin, Mikhail, 22
Orakhelashvili, Mamia, 191
Orenburg, 22–23
Orenburg gas field, 353
Orenburg Region, 286
Orjonikidze, Sergo, 174, 184, 186, 190, 191, 253, 258
Orlovsky, K. I., 72
Osinov, Valery, 135
OSOTOP (Special Council on Fuel), 151–52
Osterman, Andrey, 18, 414
Ostrovsky, Mikhail, 76, 77, 111
P
P. O. Ter-Gukasov & Co., 147
Palashkovsky, Sergey, 95
Pallas, Pëtr, 25–26
Pamir, Necdet, 376
Pankin, Aleksandr, 297
Paris Peace Conference (1919), 183
Parliamentarianism, 139, 142, 143
Party Congresses
10th (1921), 175, 194
15th (1927), 251
16th (1930), 249
20th (1956), 288–89
23rd (1966), 290
26th (1981), 310–11, 313
27th (1986), 316, 318
Paul I, Emperor, 26–27, 414
Pavlichinsky, A., 122
Pavlov, Aleksey, 53
Pavlov, Dmitry, 265
Peak oil production, 330
Peasants, 160
Pechora Company, 66
Pechora-Kolva gas region, 336
Pechora Territory, 21, 66
Pedanius Dioscorides, 2
Pelevin, Ya., 247
Pennsylvania kerosene, 44–46
Pennsylvania oil, 54, 55, 66
Pennsylvania oil fields, 89
People’s Commissariat for Defense, 265
People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (NKID), 168, 188
People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade (NKVT), 206
People’s Commissariat for Heavy Machine-Building (Narkomtyazhprom), 277
People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), 272
People’s Commissariat for the Oil Industry (Narkomnefti), 266, 276, 278, 282
Perm, 243–51
Permanent Commission for Technical and Scientific Relations with America, 232
Perm Region, 245, 275, 287
Persazneft, 220
Perschke, Ludwig, 74, 122, 137
Perschke, Stanislav, 74
Persia, 15–17, 29, 81, 220
Persians, 135, 136
Pervukhin, Mikhail, 266, 430–31
Peshkov, N., 291
Peter Alekseyevich, Tsar, 11
Peters, Vladimir, 62
Petersburg Treaty (1723), 17
Peter the Great, 13–17, 26, 415
Petrograd Duma, 153
PetroKazakhstan, 363
Petrolea, 220
Petroleum Storage Tanks and Transportation Co. Ltd., 124
Petrol Grozny Ltd., 196
Petrov, Grigory, 182
Petrov, Nikolay, 102
Petrozavodsk, 45
Phanagoria Refinery, 63–64
Phillips Petroleum, 306
Pichugin, Ivan Mikhaylovich, 250
Piltun-Astokh field, 348
Pipeline Agreement (1945), 273
Pipelines
in post-Soviet period, 333–35, 337, 359, 362–63, 371–76
in Russian Empire, 119–23, 120–23, 147
in Soviet period, 192, 195, 196, 206, 252, 257, 262, 274, 281, 287, 288, 296–97, 300, 310
Pitoyev & Co. Partnership, 97
Pliny the Elder, 2
Plutarch, 2
Pogodin, Mikhail, 47
Poincaré, Raymond, 199
Polevoy, Pëtr, 119, 259
Politburo, 185, 190, 193, 194, 197–98, 207, 230, 232, 238, 316
Political dogmatism, 309–11
Political reforms, 139–41
Polivanov, D., 83
Polovtsy, 8, 400
Pörzgen, Gemma, 368
Potassium salt, 244–45
Poverty Committees, 170–71
Pozdnyakov, Prokopy, 245
Preobrazhensky, Pavel, 243–47
Pre-Yenisey oil and gas subprovince, 338
Price controls, 152, 165, 168
Prigorodnoye, 348
Prigorodny, 347
Primorsk, 362
Prison labor, 238–43
Prits, Kirill, 248
Privatization, 326–27
Productivity, 170, 309