The only heated debate at Wannsee concerned the issue of Mischlinge. Heydrich wanted to deport (i.e., exterminate) half Jews but treat quarter Jews as Germans. Jews in mixed marriages would be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Wilhelm Stuckart of the Interior Ministry favored compulsory sterilization of half Jews, while Otto Hofmann of the Race and Resettlement Main Office proposed giving them a choice between sterilization and deportation. These issues were never resolved, although they continued to be debated over the next two years. See Browning, The Origins of the Final Solution, 412–13; and Gerlach, “The Wannsee Conference,” 801–3.
79. Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 494; Gerlach, “The Wannsee Conference,” 806–12; Domarus, ed., Hitler: Reden und Proklamationen, 2:1829. On the German invasion as a program of planned murder, see Müller, “Economic Alliance,” 150–54, 170–87; and Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, and Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord.
80. “Beurteilung der Kampfkraft des Ostheeres,” in Schramm, ed., Kriegstagebuch, 6 November 1941, 1, pt. 2:1074–75; Halder, War Diary, 19 November 1941, 558; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 684–89; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 170–90.
81. Bock, War Diary, 11, 20–21 November 1941, 354, 365–66; Halder, War Diary, 11 November 1941, 555; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 43.
82. Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 689–90; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 191–94; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 43–46; Megargee, War of Annihilation, 109–10.
83. Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 691–92; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 173–83; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 43; Bock, War Diary, 18 November 1941, 362; Halder, War Diary, 22 November 1941, 561–62.
84. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 173–83; Halder, War Diary, 18 November 1941; Boberach, Meldungen aus dem Reich, 6 November 1941; Steinert, Hitler’s War, 131–32; Das Reich, 8 November 1941.
85. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 199–201, 203 n. 19; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 692–93; Bock, War Diary, 11, 16–17 November 1941, 355, 359, 361. Halder was informed on 30 November that the Ostheer had a shortage of 340,000 men but that only thirty-three thousand replacements existed in Germany. See Halder, War Diary, 30 November 1941, 571–72.
86. Müller, “The Failure of the Economic ‘Blitzkrieg Strategy,’” 1130–41; Schüler, “The Eastern Campaign,” 216–19; van Creveld, Supplying War, 173; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 199–204; Kershaw, War without Garlands, 197–98; Halder, War Diary, 11, 30 November 1941, 556, 571–72.
87. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 205–8; Hoffmann, “The Conduct of the War through Soviet Eyes,” 894–96; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 47–49; Bock, War Diary, 18 November 1941, 362; Mawdsley, Thunder in the East, 111–17; Glantz, Barbarossa, 165–69.
88. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 214–16; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 693; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 49–54; Megargee, War of Annihilation, 113; Kershaw, War without Garlands, 198.
89. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 216–17; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 693–96; Guderian, Panzer Leader, 251–52; Bock, War Diary, 21, 23 November 1941, 365–66, 368.
90. Kershaw, War without Garlands, 198–203.
91. Fritz, Frontsoldaten, 110–16, 120–21; Kershaw, War without Garlands, 198–203, 208–10; Müller, “The Failure of the Economic ‘Blitzkrieg Strategy,’” 1135–38; Schüler, “The Eastern Campaign,” 216–19; Prüller, Diary of a German Soldier, 19 December 1941, 129; Henry, letter of 1 December 1941, in Bähr and Bähr, eds., Kriegsbriefe, 86; Deck, Der Weg der 1000 Toten, 105; Hansmann, Vorüber, nicht vorbei, 15.
92. Halder, War Diary, 19, 24 November 1941, 558, 564; Engel, Heeresadjutant bei Hitler, 25 November 1941, 116; Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 438–41; Ueberschär, “Das Scheitern des Unternehmens ‘Barbarossa,’” 160–61; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 254–55, 262; Rohland, Bewegte Zeiten, 77–78; Seidler, Fritz Todt, 356–57; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 507–8; TBJG, 30 November 1941.
93. Halder, War Diary, 23 November 1941, 562–64; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 224–26; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 696–99.
94. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 220–22; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 700–701; Manteuffel, Die 7. Panzer-Division, 225–27, 231–36, 240–41; Bock, War Diary, 28 November 1941, 372; Kershaw, War without Garlands, 206–7, 210–11.
95. Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 53–54; Kershaw, War without Garlands, 207–8, 212; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 220–23; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 700–701; Strauss, Friedens und Kriegserlebnisse einer Generation, 99; Bock, War Diary, 29 November 1941, 373.
96. Bock, War Diary, 1 December 1941, 375–76; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 221–24, 227–28, 236 n. 95, 240 n. 147, 243; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 700–702.
97. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 221–24, 227–28, 236 n. 95, 240 n. 147, 243–45; Ueberschär, “Das Scheitern des Unternehmens ‘Barbarossa,’” 161; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 700–702; Fritz, Frontsoldaten, 191.
98. Schramm, ed., Kriegstagebuch, 21 December 1940, 1, pt. 2:996 (doc. 45); Hosenfeld, “Ich versuche jeden zu retten,” 561; TBJG, 8 December 1941; Görlitz, ed., Generalfeldmarschall Keitel, 285; Syring, “Hitlers Kriegserklärung,” 690; Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 442, and Fateful Choices, 382–83, 418.
99. Kershaw, Fateful Choices, 386–96; Syring, “Hitlers Kriegserklärung,” 684–85; Gassert, Amerika im Dritten Reich, 34–36, 87–103; Below, Als Hitlers Adjutant, 200.
100. Kershaw, Fateful Choices, 397–411; Syring, “Hitlers Kriegserklärung,” 686–87; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 257–59.
101. Kershaw, Fateful Choices, 412–16, and Hitler: Nemesis, 442–44; Syring, “Hitlers Kriegserklärung,” 688–89.
102. TBJG, 8 December 1941; Haffner, Von Bismarck zu Hitler, 293; Waite, The Psychopathic God, 409; Junker, Kampf um die Weltmacht, 32; Syring, “Hitlers Kriegserklärung,” 683; Kershaw, Fateful Choices, 416–23; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 257–59.