103. Syring, “Hitlers Kriegserklärung,” 691–92; Kershaw, Fateful Choices, 423–30.
104. Kershaw, Fateful Choices, 422–23, and Hitler: Nemesis, 444–49, 491–92; Domarus, ed., Hitler: Reden und Proklamationen, 2:1794–2111; TBJG, 12–14 December 1941; Gerlach, “The Wannsee Conference,” 787; Broszat, “Hitler und die Genesis der ‘Endlösung,’” 759.
105. Kershaw, Fateful Choices, 423–24, and Hitler: Nemesis, 456–57; Jochmann, Monologe im Führerhauptquartier, 7 January 1942, 184; Overy, Why the Allies Won, 15; Churchill’s speech to the Lord Mayor’s Luncheon, Mansion House, “The End of the Beginning,” 10 November 1942 (“Now this is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning”), Churchill Center and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London, http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/quotations (accessed 6 September 2010); Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 260 n. 16, 375–76. According to Jodl, Hitler was fully aware that, from early 1942 on, victory could no longer be attained and the war was lost. See Schramm, ed., Kriegstagebuch, 15 May 1945, 4, pt. 2:1503; Reinhardt, Moscow, 376–77, n. 3.
5. Reckoning
1. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 291; Megargee, War of Annihilation, 130; Bock, War Diary, 3, 5, 7 December 1941, 378–79, 381, 383–84; Klink, “Military Concept,” 701–2; Glantz, Barbarossa, 185–89; Kershaw, War without Garlands, 223.
2. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 279–83; Hoffmann, “The Conduct of the War through Soviet Eyes,” 896–99; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 59–67; Glantz, Barbarossa, 187–88. Discrepancies in the number of forces on each side abound, with figures for Germany around 1.7 million men and for the Soviets about 1.1 million. However, the German figures include all personnel in Army Group Center, which had a very large rear echelon, while those for the Soviets contain only the forces assigned to the counterattack. Nor do the Soviet figures include some 800,000 troops held by the Stavka in reserve, a number likely equal to the actual combat strength of the frontline German divisions. For a discussion of the relative strengths of each, see Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 66–67.
3. Mawdsley, Thunder in the East, 118–20; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 280–81; Hoffmann, “The Conduct of the War through Soviet Eyes,” 898–99; Megargee, War of Annihilation, 130–31; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 66; Glantz, Barbarossa, 185–89.
4. Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 65, 76; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 291–93; Hoffmann, “The Conduct of the War through Soviet Eyes,” 899–900; Glantz, Barbarossa, 189–204; Megargee, War of Annihilation, 131–32.
5. Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 702–8; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 292–93, 299–302; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 69–76; “Weisung für die Aufgabe des Ostheeres im Winter 1941/42,” in Schramm, ed., Kriegstagebuch, 8 December 1941, 1, pt. 2:1078–79.
6. Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 702–8; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 292–93, 299–302; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 69–76; Bock, War Diary, 8, 10 December 1941.
7. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 293–94, 301; Schüler, “The Eastern Campaign,” 219–20; Dollinger, ed., Kain, wo ist dein Bruder? 111; Buchbender and Sterz, eds., Das andere Gesicht des Krieges, 7 December 1941, 90; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 77; Kershaw, War without Garlands, 227–32; Letter of Harald Henry, 21 December 1941, in Bähr and Bähr, eds., Kriegsbriefe, 90.
8. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 295–301; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 75–81; Megargee, War of Annihilation, 131–32; Bock, War Diary, 10–11, 13 December 1941, 387–91; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 708–13.
9. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 295–301; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 75–81; Megargee, War of Annihilation, 131–32; Bock, War Diary, 10–11, 13 December 1941, 387–91; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 708–13.
10. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 302–6; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 709–13; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 78–80; Bock, War Diary, 16 December 1941, 395.
11. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 306–7; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 714–15, 723–24; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 80–83; Bock, War Diary, 16–18 December 1941, 394–98.
12. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 306–8; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 715–16; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 82–83; Bock, War Diary, 10 December 1941, 387.
13. Halder, War Diary, 7, 20 December 1941, 582, 593; Bock, War Diary, 13, 16–19 December 1941, 392, 394–99; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 85–87; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 311; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 716–20; Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 451–54; Hartmann, “Verbrecherischer Krieg—verbrecherische Wehrmacht?” 59–60; “Fernschreiben des Wehrmachtsführungsstabs vom 21.12.1941,” in Schramm, ed., Kriegstagebuch, 21 December 1941, 1, pt. 2:1085.
14. Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 85–87; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 311; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 716–20; Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 454–55; Guderian, Panzer Leader, 264–68.
15. Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 88–90; Mawdsley, Thunder in the East, 121–22.
16. Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 90–92; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 310, 331 n. 67.
17. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 311–14; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 720–22; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 94–100; Guderian, Panzer Leader, 270.
18. Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 314–16; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 722–23; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 100–104.