69. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 882–903; Thomas, “Foreign Armies East,” 280–82; Reinhardt, Moscow—the Turning Point, 421–26; Müller, “The Mobilization of the German Economy,” 722–24, 751–52; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 558, 587–89; Harrison, Soviet Planning in Peace and War, 63–65, 81–82; Hayward, “Hitler’s Quest for Oil,” 117–21; TBJG, 26 April 1942; Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 509. See also Harrison, “The Volume of Soviet Munitions Output,” and “Resource Mobilization for World War II”; Sokolov and Glantz, “The Role of Lend-Lease,” 567–86; and Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 46–50. For a later reassessment of Soviet strength, see Halder, War Diary, 3 August 1942, 651–52.
70. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 902.
6. All or Nothing
1. Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 3–4, 7–9, 27–31; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 929–30; Jochmann, ed., Monologe im Führerhauptquartier, 5–6 July, 17 October 1941, 39, 91; Dallin, German Rule in Russia, 253–66; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 52.
2. Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 31–66, and “Von Richthofen’s ‘Giant Fire-Magic,’” 98–99; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 52–70; Glantz, “Forgotten Battles of the German-Soviet War: Pt. 6,” 121–70, and “Prelude to German Operation Blau,” 171–78. See also Manstein, Lost Victories, 204–59.
3. Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 67–78, and “Von Richthofen’s ‘Giant Fire-Magic,’” 99–102; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 262–63; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 70–71.
4. Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 67–78, and “Von Richthofen’s ‘Giant Fire-Magic,’” 99–107; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 70–71; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 263–64 (Manstein quote 264); Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 930–31. A Fliegerkorps normally had between 350 and 600 aircraft. See Hayward, “Von Richthofen’s ‘Giant Fire-Magic,’” 121–22 n. 21.
5. Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 264–66; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 70–78, and “Von Richthofen’s ‘Giant Fire-Magic,’” 107–8; Bock, War Diary, 28 April, 5 May 1942, 467, 469–70; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 70–71. The bustard is a black game bird that inhabits the Crimea in great numbers but is largely harmless—perhaps a snide reference to the Germans’ Soviet opponents.
6. Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 266–67; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 78–81, and “Von Richthofen’s ‘Giant Fire-Magic,’” 112–15; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 73–75; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 72–77. Colonel Grodeck, in fact, was severely wounded in one of the friendly fire incidents and would die of his wounds a few days later. Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 75.
7. Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 267–69; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 81–86, and “Von Richthofen’s ‘Giant Fire-Magic,’” 115–21; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 75–77; Glantz, “Prelude to German Operation Blau,” 178; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 932–34. Some Soviet troops reaching the far shore seemed to have been fired on by their own troops, while prisoners reported rumors of a Stalin order demanding that they fight on from the cover of the numerous caves on the peninsula (Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 269).
8. Weinberg, A World at Arms, 411; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 77–79; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 86–91; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 309–10; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 85–87; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 935–37.
9. Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 77–79; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 86–91; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 309–10; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 87–88; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 935–37.
10. Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 310–12; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 937–38; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 95–102; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 79–80; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 88–90.
11. Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 319–21; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 938–39; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 102–13; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 80–81.
12. Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 321; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 939–41; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 115–19; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 81–84; Weinberg, A World at Arms, 413.
13. Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 85–93; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 942–45; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 120–21; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 272–73; Bock, War Diary, 25, 30 April 1942, 465–66, 468.
14. Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 37–45; Knjazkov, “Die sowjetische Strategie,” 39–46; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 89–91; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 947; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 269–72.
15. Erickson, The Road to Stalingrad, 344; Bock, War Diary, 5 May 1942, 469–70; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 33–37, 45, 77–79; Glantz and House, When Titans Clashed, 99–101, 111–14; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 90–91, 94–97. David Thomas, on the other hand, asserts that Foreign Armies East interpreted Soviet intentions at Kharkov as being defensive in nature. See Thomas, “Foreign Armies East,” 281–82.
16. Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 77–82; Glantz and House, When Titans Clashed, 114–15; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 95–100; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 273–76; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 947–48; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 121–23; Bock, War Diary, 12 May 1942, 475.
17. Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 77–82; Glantz and House, When Titans Clashed, 114–15; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 95–102; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 273–76; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 947–48; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 121–23.
18. Bock, War Diary, 16 May 1942, 479–80; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 102–4; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 81–82; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 278–79; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 948–49; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 123–25.