19. Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 104–6; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 82–83; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 278–82; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 948–49; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 123–25.
20. Bock, War Diary, 26 May 1942, 488; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 107–15; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 82–85; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 279–82; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 949–50; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 125–26. Evan Mawdsley puts permanent Soviet losses (i.e., killed, missing, and taken prisoner) at 170,000. See Mawdsley, Thunder in the East, 119.
21. Hayward, “The German Use of Air Power at Kharkov”; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 950–51; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 90–98.
22. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 951–54; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 98–102; Bock, War Diary, 31 January, 14, 17–19, 22, 24 June 1942, 416, 498–500, 502–4.
23. Müller, Hitlers Ostkrieg, 105; Benz, “Der Generalplan Ost,” 45–50; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 180–84, 286; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 469–73; Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 434, 516–17; TBJG, 24, 30 May 1942. See also Pringle, The Master Plan; Hutton, Race and the Third Reich; Heinemann, “Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut”; Ehrenreich, The Nazi Ancestral Proof, and “Otmar von Verschuer”; and Bloxham, The Final Solution, 1–32, 170–211.
24. Aly and Heim, Architects of Annihilation, 130–85; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 189–98, 216; Benz, “Der Generalplan Ost,” 45–50; Müller, Hitlers Ostkrieg, 11–82; “Reflections on the Treatment of Peoples of Alien Races in the East,” Memorandum by Himmler given to Hitler on 25 May 1940, Document NO-1880, Prosecution Exhibit 1314, Nuremberg Trial Documents, in Bauer, A History of the Holocaust, 353–54.
25. Heiber, “Der Generalplan Ost”; Roth, “ ‘Generalplan Ost’—‘Gesamtplan Ost’”; Madajczyk, “Synchronismus,” 844–45; Benz, “Der Generalplan Ost,” 49–51; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 204–7, 210; Bloxham, Final Solution, 22–23. See also the relevant documents in Madajczyk and Biernacki, eds., Generalplan Ost.
26. Aly, “Final Solution,” 218–21; Aly and Heim, Architects of Annihilation, 263–64; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 207–11, 217–19; Madajczyk, “Synchronismus,” 845–47; Benz, “Der Generalplan Ost,” 52–53; Erhard Wetzel, “Stellungnahme und Gedanken zum Generalplan Ost des Reichsführer SS,” 27 April 1942, in Heiber, “Generalplan Ost,” 300, 308, 313; Schubert, “Die Bereitstellung von Menschen für die Eindeutschung neuer Siedlungsräume im Osten.”
27. Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 210–11; Madajczyk, “Synchronismus,” 847–48, 852–53; Müller, Hitlers Ostkrieg, 108; Benz, “Der Generalplan Ost,” 52–53; Speer, Spandau, 47–50; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 526.
28. Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 205–6, 285–86, 384–87; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 467–68, 525–28, 540–48; Herbert, “Labour and Extermination,” 175; Browning, “A Final Hitler Decision?” On the forced labor roundups, see also Müller, “Die Zwangsrekrutierung von ‘Ostarbeitern,’” 772–83, and “Menschenjagd”; Streit, “Sowjetische Kriegsgefangene”; and Eikel, “ ‘Weil die Menschen fehlen.’”
29. Aly and Heim, Architects of Annihilation, 275–76; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 211–12; Madajczyk, “Synchronismus,” 849–50; Müller, Hitlers Ostkrieg, 106.
30. Aly and Heim, Architects of Annihilation, 276–77; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 213–14; Madajczyk, “Synchronismus,” 849–50; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 468–69.
31. Aly and Heim, Architects of Annihilation, 276–78; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 213–14; Madajczyk, “Synchronismus,” 849–50; Herbert, “Labour and Extermination,” 179; Wasser, “Die ‘Germanisierung’ im Distrikt Lublin.” The culmination of this exchange came on 27 February 1943 in the “factory operation,” when 1,689 of the 2,757 Berlin Jews rounded up were killed immediately after being sent to Auschwitz. See Krausnick, “The Persecution of the Jews,” 359.
32. Aly and Heim, Architects of Annihilation, 276–78; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 214–16; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 468; Madajczyk, “Synchronismus,” 849–50; Wasser, “Die ‘Germanisierung’ im Distrikt Lublin.”
33. Himmler, speech of 16 September 1942, in Madajczyk and Biernacki, eds., Generalplan Ost, 172; Himmler, speech of 23 November 1942, in Wegner, Hitlers politische Soldaten, 48; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 219–20; Madajczyk, “Synchronismus,” 850–52; Müller, Hitlers Ostkrieg, 110; Gerlach, Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord, 210–37.
34. Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 528–31; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 307–9; Herbert, “Labour and Extermination,” 177–79; Schulte, Zwangsarbeit und Vernichtung, 103–25, 335–60, 392–94; Allen, The Business of Genocide, 19–56, 112–27; Kaienburg, Die Wirtschaft der SS, 114–38.
35. Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 523, 526–27, 531–33; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 310–18; Herbert, “Labour and Extermination,” 180–82; Schulte, Zwangsarbeit und Vernichtung, 208–32; Allen, The Business of Genocide, 133–201; Overy, Why the Allies Won, 180–207.
36. Schramm, ed., Kriegstagebuch, 27 May 1942, 2, pt. 3:386–87; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 958; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 160–63; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 13–16.
37. Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 155–59; Warlimont, Inside Hitler’s Headquarters, 231; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 532 n. 1; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 288–90; Halder, War Diary, 28 March, 20 June 1942, 612, 625.
38. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 958; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 164; Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 102–3; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 330–31; Jukes, Hitler’s Stalingrad Decisions, 31–33; Bock, War Diary, 20 June 1942, 501.
39. Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, 102–3; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 330–31; Bock, War Diary, 25, 27 June 1942, 505, 507; Halder, War Diary, 24 June 1942, 627–28; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 958–59; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 164–65.