84. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1077–79; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 192; Schramm, ed., Kriegstagebuch, 2 September 1942, 2, pt. 3:649–70.
85. Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 79–81; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 249–50.
86. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1081–83; Zhukov, Memoirs, 378–79; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 250. For a compilation of documents from the Soviet side, see Glantz, “The Struggle for Stalingrad City: Pt. 1.”
87. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1083; Zhukov, Memoirs, 382–83.
88. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1083–86; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 216; Schramm, ed., Kriegstagebuch, 16 August, 9 September 1942, 2, pt. 3:597–98, 703, 705; Beevor, Stalingrad, 129.
89. Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 82–83; Beevor, Stalingrad, 146–49; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 250–51; Glantz and House, When Titans Clashed, 122–23; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1086; Doerr, Der Feldzug nach Stalingrad, 52.
90. Beevor, Stalingrad, 149–51; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 252; Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 86.
91. Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 83–84; Beevor, Stalingrad, 129–37; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 251; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1086; Chuikov, Stalingrad, 205.
92. Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 193–96.
93. Beevor, Stalingrad, 139–41; Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 84, 101–2; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 396; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 200–201; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1086–87; Halder, War Diary, 20 September 1941, 670.
94. Beevor, Stalingrad, 160–65; Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 84; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 396–97; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 196–204; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1089; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 252.
95. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1096–97; Below, Als Hitlers Adjutant, 318; Boberach, ed., Meldungen aus dem Reich, 31 August, 3, 8, 10, 28 September 1942; Steinert, Hitler’s War, 166–69; TBJG, 28–29 September 1942.
96. Domarus, ed., Hitler: Reden und Proklamationen, 2:1913–24; Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 535–36; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 201.
97. TBJG, 2 October 1942; Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 536–37; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1089–95, and “Vom Lebensraum zum Todesraum,” 33–34; Kehrig, Stalingrad, 74–80; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 206; Engel, Heeresadjutant bei Hitler, 2–3, 22 October 1942, 129–32; Müller, “ ‘Was wir an Hunger ausstehen müssen,’” 134.
98. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1096–97, and “Vom Lebensraum zum Todesraum,” 34–35; Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 537–38, and The “Hitler Myth,” 190; Jochmann, Monologe im Führerhauptquartier, 6 September 1942, 392; Engel, Heeresadjutant bei Hitler, 2, 10 October 1942, 129–30; Beevor, Stalingrad, 187; Groscurth, Tagebücher, 528.
99. Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 205–7; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 397; Beevor, Stalingrad, 188–91.
100. Beevor, Stalingrad, 192–97, 208–12; Chuikov, Stalingrad, 248; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1097–98; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 206, 210–15; Kehrig, Stalingrad, 37–45; Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 102.
101. Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 206; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1098–99; Beevor, Stalingrad, 211–12.
102. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1098–99; Beevor, Stalingrad, 212; Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 538–39; Below, Als Hitlers Adjutant, 321–22; Engel, Heeresadjutant bei Hitler, 8 November 1942, 134.
103. TBJG, 9 November 1942; Domarus, ed., Hitler: Reden und Proklamationen, 2:1935–38; Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 539–40, and The “Hitler Myth,” 186–89; Beevor, Stalingrad, 213–14; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 215–16; Steinert, Hitler’s War, 166–70.
104. Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 253; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1099–1100; Beevor, Stalingrad, 214–19; Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 84–85. For a good sense of how suddenly the weather turned cold at night, see the relevant letters in Spratte, ed., Stalingrad.
105. “Führerbefehl vom 17. November 1942 betr. Fortführung der Eroberung Stalingrads durch die 6. Armee,” in Schramm, ed., Kriegstagebuch, 17 November 1942, 2, pt. 4:1307; Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 253, 306; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1099–1100; Beevor, Stalingrad, 214–19.
7. Total War
1. Zhukov, Greatest Battles, 139–42; Erickson, The Road to Stalingrad, 389; Glantz and House, When Titans Clashed, 130–32; Mawdsley, Thunder in the East, 174–76; Chorkov, “Die sowjetische Gegenoffensive bei Stalingrad,” 55–58; Beevor, Stalingrad, 220–21; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 222–24; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 107–10.
2. Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 110–12; Glantz and House, When Titans Clashed, 130–32, 136–39; Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad, 445–47. For Operation Mars, see Glantz, Zhukov’s Greatest Defeat.
3. Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 118; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1101–2; Glantz, Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War, 113–17; Hayward, Stopped at Stalingrad, 223–24.
4. Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 114–18; Service, A History of Twentieth Century Russia, 278; Harrison, “The USSR and Total War,” and “Resource Mobilization for World War II”; Mawdsley, Thunder in the East, 186–203; Beevor, Stalingrad, 223–25; Sokolov and Glantz, “The Role of Lend-Lease.”